hybrid-density functional theory (b3lyp/def2-tzvpp) based method and nbointerpretation were used to investigate the conformational behavior of 1,2-dihalodisilanes[halo=f (1), cl (2), br (3), i (4)]. the b3lyp/def2-tzvpp results showed that the anticonformations of compounds 1-4 are more stable than their corresponding gaucheconformations. the stability of the anti conformation compared to the g...

the effect of in ovo injection of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter antibiotic was studied on hatchability, day old chick weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and carcass efficiency. three hundred and twenty eggs were divided into 4 groups, and injected on day 18. treatments consisted of: 1- control (no injection). 2- injection of 1 ml of distilled water in air sac (dw), ...

precise application of the n fertilizer rate is critical to achieve maximum yield. in major regions, empirical methods were used for determining n fertilizer requirement. these methods cannot take into account variation in management and environmental conditions on determining fertilizer requirement. crop simulation models can provide an alternative means of determining the optimum crop n requi...

this research was conducted at the agricultural college of tehran university in 2005 to analyze the effect of use of cytokinin as well as of calcium on durability of rose (illona cultivar). cuttings were taken from rose biennial mother plants, then treated by cytokinin of 0, 0.1, 1and10 micromole per liter and calcium of 0,10,20 and 30 milimole per liter. cut flowers, after harvest, were kept i...

background: previous studies have shown that some cytokines have protective effects on cartilage in joint diseases. in the current study, effects of il-4 against morphological changes and tissue degradation induced by il-1α on bovine nasal cartilage (bnc) explants were investigated. methods: fresh bnc samples were prepared from a slaughterhouse under sterile conditions. bnc explants culture was...

recovery of metabolites from fermentation broth by solvent extraction can be used to optimize fermentation processes. end-product reutilization, low product concentration, large volumes of fermentation broth and the requirements for large bioreactors, in addition to the high cost largely contributed to the decline in fermentative 2, 3-butanediol production. extraction can successfully be used f...

objective(s) pde3 has a functional role in insulin secretion and action. we investigated the metabolic effects of new synthetic pde3 inhibitors (mc1, mc2, mc5 and mc6), on mice and hyperglycemic rat. materials and methods the test compound or solvent was injected subcutaneously to mice, for 7 days. on day 8, blood and liver samples were obtained. in hyperglycemic rat, 0.5 g/kg glucose with or w...

background: leptin has been implicated in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. leukemia inhibitory factor (lif) may play an important role, along with interleukin-6 (il-6) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (g- csf), in the regulation of early hematopoietic stem cells. the aim of the study was to evaluate serum level of leptin, lif, and il-6 in myeloid leukemia p...

spinal cord injury (sci) is a trauma that disturbs motor, sensitive and autonomic function and directly impacts the quality of life. after physical damage, releasing of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines occurs and with collaboration of immune system cells, an immune response begins in the brain tissue. the result of neuroinflammation is edema, apoptosis and release of axonal growth inhibi...