Realists about mental disorder have been hasty dismissing social explanations of how is constituted. However, many ontologies are realist ontologies. In order to create a meaningful distinction between realism and metaphysics disorder, I propose that best understood as Individual Trait Realism (ITR) them. For ITR, disorders exist in virtue traits. defend the view ITR compatible with metaphysics...

OBJECTIVE Previous studies attempting to identify neuropathological alterations in the hippocampus in bipolar disorder have been inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine if the concentration of N-acetylaspartate, a neuronal and axonal marker, was lower in subjects with familial bipolar I disorder than in healthy comparison subjects, suggesting possible neuronal loss, neuronal ...

BACKGROUND Childhood interpersonal violence is a major risk factor for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), other axis-I disorders or Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Individuals with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and childhood physical abuse (CPA) who meet the criteria of any axis-I disorder usually also exhibit general psychopathologic symptoms and impairments in...

We prove that the Anderson Hamiltonian H = ? + V on the Bethe Lattice has \extended states" for small disorder. More precisely, given any closed interval I contained in the interior of the spectrum of the Laplacian on the Bethe lattice, we prove that for small disorder H has purely absolutely continuous spectrum in I with probability one (i.e., ac (H)\I = I and pp (H)\I = sc (H)\I = ; with prob...

Structured diagnostic interviews were used to determine DSM-III-R axis I and II diagnoses among 136 female psychiatric inpatients. To distinguish comorbidity of eating disorders with axis I and II disorders from simple diagnostic overlap, the frequency and distribution of diagnoses among the 31 patients with an eating disorder and the 105 without an eating disorder were compared. Social phobia,...

diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder, causes many complications such as micro- and macro-vascular diseases. anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and anti-oxidative properties of ginger have been noticed in several researches. the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin a1c, apolipoprotein b, apolipoprotein a-i, and malondial...

BACKGROUND Researchers have linked bipolar disorder to elevations in reward sensitivity and positive affect. Little is known, however, about how people with bipolar disorder respond to rewards and positive affect and how these tendencies relate to functioning or quality of life. METHODS Persons diagnosed with bipolar I disorder and matched controls completed the Responses to Positive Affect (...