the present study describes approaches for the identification of individual beech trees using maternal tissues from their seeds or fruits. four microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis of seedlots from fagus orientalis lipsky, a highly out-crossing tree species. seeds from 11 single-tree harvests belonging to one population, (7 seeds from each), as well as non-paranchymatic materna...

Research Highlights: Fine roots play an important role in plant growth as well carbon (C) and nutrient cycling terrestrial ecosystems. Gaining a wider knowledge of their dynamics under forest gap opening would improve our understanding soil input below-ground stock accumulation. Single-tree selection is increasingly recognized alternative regime cutting sustaining biodiversity stock, along with...

Abstract Past vegetation and environmental changes the role of climate as well human activities are major interest. The Hyrcanian region with a high number endemic species has poorly known paleoenvironmental history, especially western northern Iran. This study aims to investigate radiocarbon-dated sediment core Kholasht-Kouh Lake (KHL) for recorded between ca. 510 1180 cal yr BP. KHL is locate...

Abstract Key message A vegetation analysis revealed the extent of recolonization by native a 25-year-old Cupressus spp. plantation in northern Iran. young indigenous Quercus-Carpinus community replaced conifers low-slope areas with deeper, heavier, and more fertile soils. Context Reforestation degraded or clear-cut-harvested lands can modify site conditions, facilitating succession reestablishi...

The Hyrcanian forests of Iran contain many species-rich communities that can only be maintained through an understanding the renewal and development these forests. Located in Jojadeh section Farim forest northern Iran, individual tree growth five distinct species [(Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia Coss. ex J.Gay), Persian maple (Acer velutinum...