BACKGROUND Anticipatory anxiety, which can be indexed by the startle potentiation to a threat of shock, has been implicated in the development of panic disorder. Large individual differences exist in startle potentiation to threat of shock but few differences have been found between panic patients in general and non-anxious controls. The present studies explored resting heart rate variability (...

A pulmonalis hypertonia (PH) diagnosztikája, osztályozása jól meghatározott kritériumokhoz kötött. Bár a artériás (PAH) ritka betegség, teljes populációja egyáltalán nem kicsi, így differenciáldiagnosztika mindennapi belgyógyászati ellátásnak is része. betegek részletes kivizsgálása, gondozása, speciális centrumokhoz korszerű kombinált kezeléseknek köszönhetően túlélési adatok az utóbbi évtized...

Pavlovian fear conditioning is widely used as a laboratory model of associative learning in human and nonhuman species. In this model, an organism is trained to predict an aversive unconditioned stimulus from initially neutral events (conditioned stimuli, CS). In humans, fear memory is typically measured via conditioned autonomic responses or fear-potentiated startle. For the latter, various an...

The corpus striatum serves a critical function in inhibiting involuntary, intrusive movements. Striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease results in a loss of motor inhibition, manifested by abnormal involuntary choreiform movements. Sensorimotor inhibition, or "gating", can be measured in humans using the startle reflex: the startle reflex is normally inhibited when the startling stimulus i...

Unexpected support-surface movements delivered during stance elicit "first trial" postural reactions, which are larger and cause greater instability compared with habituated responses. The nature of this first trial reaction remains unknown. We hypothesized that first trial postural reactions consist of a generalized startle reaction, with a similar muscle synergy as the acoustic startle respon...

Intact female rats and ovariectomized (OVX) rats with different ovarian steroid replacement regimens were tested for changes in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-enhanced startle (increased acoustic startle amplitude after intracerebroventricular infusion of 1 mug of CRF). OVX rats injected with estradiol (E) followed by progesterone (P) showed a blunted CRF-enhanced startle effect compared ...

We sought to establish whether spastic hypertonia results from changes in intrinsic muscle properties or from altered stretch reflex properties. We hypothesized that finger flexor spastic hypertonia is primarily of neural origin, and that the dynamics of spastic muscle responses to stretch should therefore reflect the dynamics of muscle spindle receptor responses. In 12 stroke survivors, we rec...

We report 3 cases of biotinidase deficiency presenting in early infancy with neurological and cutaneous manifestations. All of them had hypertonia (spasticity). Response to oral biotin was excellent. One of the cases showed 7D3I biotidase deficient mutation.