For very narrow channels in which ions and water cannot overtake one another (single-file transport), electrokinetic measurements provide information about the number of water molecules within a channel. Gramicidin A is believed to form such narrow channels in lipid bilayer membranes. In 0.01 and 0.1 M solutions of CsCl, KCL, and NaCl, streaming potentials of 3.0 mV per osmolal osmotic pressure...

The universal preparation of noble metal single-atom catalysts (NMSACs) is critical for efficient sustainable energy conversion. In this study, a versatile sowing strategy proposed to prepare the NMSACs with hyper-low loading. A metal-organic framework derived Ni(OH)x Ni2+ vacancies serves as fertile soil plentiful trapping holes, where Pt atom seeds can be inserted. atoms tend form tetradentat...

In this note, we study the lattice structure on the class of all weak hyper K-ideals of a hyper K-algebra. We first introduce the notion of (left,right) scalar in a hyper K-algebra which help us to characterize the weak hyper K-ideals generated by a subset. In the sequel, using the notion of a closure operator, we study the lattice of all weak hyper K-ideals of ahyper K-algebra, and we prove a ...

Soil redox potential (Eh), concentrations of oxygen (O2) and three greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured in the soil profile of a coastal forest at ridge, transition, and swamp across a hydrological gradient. The results delineated a distinct boundary in soil Eh and O2 concentration between the ridge and swamp with essentially no overlap between the two locations. Critical soil Eh ...

The Facility for Accelerator science and Experimental Tests (FACET) at SLAC provides a high charge, high peak current, sub-picosecond bunched electron beam that is ideal for 0.1 to 2 THz radiation generation via coherent transition radiation. This paper presents preliminary characterization of the terahertz pulses generated by the FACET electron beam. The measured THz frequency content spans fr...

The Lifting Idempotent Property (LIP) of ideals in commutative rings inspired the study Boolean lifting properties context other concrete algebraic structures (MV-algebras, l-groups, BL-algebras, bounded distributive lattices, residuated etc.), as well for some types universal algebras (C. Muresan and author defined studied Congruence (CBLP) congruence modular algebras). A ideal a ring R is an ...

measles virus (mv) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. we studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (bso) on the replication of an aik-hdc strain of mv and its induced apoptosis in vero cell lines. methods: in this study, toxicity of bso on vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentrati...

Bosbach states represent a way of probabilisticly evaluating the formulas from various (commutative or non-commutative) many-valued logics. They are defined on the algebras corresponding to these logics with values in [0, 1]. Starting from the observation that in the definition of Bosbach states there intervenes the standard MV-algebra structure of [0, 1], in this paper we introduce Bosbach sta...

Any MV-algebra M can be embedded as a lattice in the Boolean algebra B(M) that is R-generated by M . We relate the study of states on an MV-algebra M to the study of finitely additive probabilities on B(M). In particular, we show that each state on M can be uniquely extended to a finitely additive probability on B(M). In case that M is a PMV-algebra, the conditional state s(a|b) defined for a, ...