The dissolution characteristics of pharmaceutical tablets are key to determining the bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and it is therefore vital to understand the physical processes that affect drug release. As well as the API, tablets also consist of a supporting polymer matrix (known as the excipient) and other compounds such as fillers, binders, lubricants etc. Th...

PURPOSE To test the antiviral effect of ganciclovir released from biodegradable polymer microspheres in rabbit eyes inoculated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). METHODS Human cytomegalovirus (5 x 10(3) plaque forming unit in 0.1 ml Hank's balanced salt solution) was inoculated 4 days after gas compression vitrectomy. Injected after 2 days was 10 mg of 300- to 500-micron ganciclovir-loaded mi...

PURPOSE Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid) is known to promote corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo and in vitro, in animal experiments. Sodium hyaluronate is the ligand for CD44, a cell surface adhesion molecule which has been found on normal human corneal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate on human corneal epithelial cell migr...

The generation of effective levels of antigen-specific immunity at the mucosal sites of pathogen entry is a key goal for vaccinologists. We explored topical vaginal application as an approach to initiate local antigen-specific immunity, enhance previously existing systemic immunity or re-target responses to the mucosae. To deliver a protein vaccine formulation to the vaginal mucosal surface, we...

Purpose: The objective of this study was to prepare Propranolol Hydrochloride controlled release matrix tablets and to investigate the effect of the polymer blends and the polymer concentration on drug release. Method: Propranolol Hydrochloride controlled release matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M) and Carbopol 934P were us...

The present paper investigates the rheological properties of silated hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Si-HPMC) biohydrogel used for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. The general property of this modified cellulose ether is the occurrence of self-hardening due to silanol condensation subsequent to a decrease in pH (from 12.4 to nearly 7.4). The behavior of unsterilized and sterilize...

Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic nerve neuropathy involving the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the major risk factor associated with the development of this neuropathy. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects on RGC survival of three different experimental methods to induce chronic elevation of IOP...

GV196771 [E-4,6-dichloro-3-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-pyrrolidin-3-glydenemethyl)-1H-indole-2 carboxylic acid] is a potent antagonist of the modulatory glycine site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. GV196771 has low oral bioavailability (<10%) and plasma clearance ( approximately 2 ml/min/kg) in rats. P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) trans...

BACKGROUND Defective nasal barrier function is implicated in allergic rhinitis, which results in persistent inflammation and clinical symptoms, among which congestion plays a prominent role. In searching ways to improve the efficacy of nasally applied drugs in this condition, we tested the hypothesis that hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), known as a mucoprotective agent, could enhance the ef...

blood pressure rises rapidly upon awakening and maybe responsible, in part, for the increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke during the morning hours. the aim of the present study was, therefore, to develop a novel chronotherapeutic formulation of metoprolol tartrate (mt) for night time dosing providing maximum effect in the morning hours. core tablets contained mt, sodium chlori...