The purpose of this study was to characterize the non-aqueous nanosuspension of a hydrophilic drug prepared by bead milling for cutaneous application. Riboflavin was used as the model hydrophilic drug. The non-aqueous nanosuspensions were prepared by grinding riboflavin with zirconia beads using eight non-aqueous bases. The mean particle size of riboflavin in the suspensions ranged from 206 to ...

Porous silicon (PSi) is an innovative inorganic material that has been recently developed for various drug delivery systems. For example, hydrophilic and hydrophobic PSi microparticles have been utilized to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs and to sustain peptide delivery. Previously, the well-plate method has been demonstrated to be a suitable in vitro dissolution method for...

The basic drugs, ranitidine and paroxetine were successfully separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The elution order was reversed compared to reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Good linearity was shown over the 0.5–100 ppb levels. A spiked serum was cleaned up by protein precipitation and an aliquot was directly injected into the HILIC/ESI-MS system. R...

1. The present study was performed to evaluate and compare the ability of human MDR1-, and rat Mdr1b- and Mdr2-P-glycoproteins to transport hydrophilic monoquaternary drugs. Transport studies were performed with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from MDR1-, Mdr1b-, or Mdr2-overexpressing insect cells. 2. As model substrates we used the N-methylated derivatives of the diastereomers quinidine and...

Metoprolol succinate (M.succinate), a BCS Class I drug is the most widely prescribed anti-hypertensive drug and is considered to be safe. Owing to its high solubility, fabrication of an extended release matrix formulation becomes extremely challenging. Hydrophilic matrix polymers are the preferred systems for developing an extended release formulation. However, for highly soluble drugs, it fail...

Polymer composites consisted of small hydrophilic pockets homogeneously dispersed in a hydrophobic polymer matrix are important in many applications where controlled release of the functional agent from the hydrophilic phase is needed. As an example, a release of biomolecules or drugs from therapeutic formulations or release of salt in anti-icing application can be mentioned. Here, we report a ...

Guided by the recent success of empirical model predicting the folding rates of small two-state folding proteins from the relative contact order (CO) of their native structures, by a theoretical model of protein folding that predicts that logarithm of the folding rate decreases with the protein chain length L as L(2/3), and by the finding that the folding rates of multistate folding proteins st...

The evaporation and dynamics of a multicomponent droplet on a heated chemical patterned surface were presented. Comparing to the evaporation process of a multicomponent droplet on a homogenous surface, it is found that the chemical patterned surface can not only enhance evaporation by elongating the contact line, but also change the evaporation process from three regimes for the homogenous surf...

Drug dosage in the elderly requires an understanding of the age-dependent changes in drug disposition and sensitivity. The most important pharmacokinetic alteration is a decline in renal function, the elderly should therefore be treated as renally insufficient patients. Metabolic clearance is primarily reduced with drugs that display high hepatic extraction, whereas the metabolism of drugs with...