[1] The inability to develop an accurate and precise parameter estimation method for catchment hydrochemical models has been a persistent problem. We investigate the use of multicriteria calibration techniques and the selection of the criteria as a first step in solving this problem. We applied a multicriteria search algorithm to the Alpine Hydrochemical Model (AHM) of the Emerald Lake watershe...

The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset builds on previous approaches to 'smart' interpolation techniques and high resolution, long period of record precipitation estimates based on infrared Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) observations. The algorithm i) is built around a 0.05° climatology that incorporates satellite information to represent sparsely gauged loca...

This paper examines the effect of scale (exhibited by spatial sampling) in modeling mean slope from lidar data using two representations of scale: lidar posting density (i.e. post-spacing) and DEM resolution (i.e. cell size). The study areas selected include six small (i.e. approximately 3 km) urban drainage basins in Richland County, SC, USA, which share similar hydrologic characteristics. Thi...

The overall increase in precipitation and the frequency of extreme rainfall is confirmed by several meteorological observations both on Black Sea coast Caucasus. In this context, research drivers an event becoming a severe flood geomorphological (erosion) becomes especially important. article analyses factors contributing to development flash watershed river Tsanyk (Great Sochi area) estimates ...

Deterministic rainfall-runoff models require parameter calibration with the aim of matching the modeled streamflow record to an observed record as closely as possible. Much attention has been focused on automated methods of model calibration using meta-heuristics, such as genetic algorithms. In this study, two meta-heuristic algorithms were compared: the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) algorit...

A catchment is a basic unit of landscape particularly for investigations of hydrologic processes. Typically, the topographic boundary of a catchment coincides with the hydrologic boundary causing any precipitation falling on to the catchment to be routed to a stream where it is transported out of the catchment. Fundamental components of the hydrologic cycle, such as precipitation, runoff and ev...

Introduction: Sulfur is a major chemical component of the Martian surface materials and is thought to have a volcanic origin. Pathfinder and Viking chemical analyses revealed SO3 compositions of “soils” and dust from about 4 to over 7 wt. % [1,2]. Although we know that S is chemically important, we do not know its speciation. Small amounts of sulfates (e.g., Ca and Mg sulfates) and sulfides (e....

The integration of local knowledge and science represents an opportunity to enhance the understanding of interrelations among climate, hydrology, and socioeconomic systems while providing mutual benefits to scientists and rural communities. Insight from rural Alaskans helped to identify a social-ecological threshold used to model potential driftwood harvest from the Yukon River. Information fro...

-Lmg-term monitoring of ecological and hydrological processes is critical to understanding ecosystem function and responses to anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Much of the world’s knowledge of ecosystem responses to disturbance comes from long-term studies on gaged watersheds. However, there are relatively few long-term sites due to the large cost and commitment required to establish and...

Some facilities, such as Los Alamos National Laboratory, have contaminants at widely scattered locations Modeling of vadose zone hydrology is required to address a variety within a landscape of complex topography. This type of of applied problems in general and risk assessments associated with spatial distribution of contamination poses a particularly contaminants in particular. Risk assessment...