The calculation of the surface-induced enhancement of the binding energy of hydrogen impurities in transition metals, previously reported for close-packed surfaces, are extended to open surfaces in the fee and bee structures. The effect is found to be stronger for close-packed surfaces than for open ones. Numerical values for the subsurface bonding energy in I% and Pd are given, from which chan...

Currently, there is an enormous amount of energy available from salinity gradients, which could be used for clean hydrogen production. Through the use of a favorable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode, the projected electrical energy generated by a single pass ammonium bicarbonate reverse electrodialysis (RED) system approached 78 W h m(-3). However, if RED is operated with the less favora...

Hydrogen, a clean energy carrier with high energy capacity, is a very promising candidate as a primary energy source for the future. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production from renewable biomass derivatives and water is one of the most promising approaches to producing green chemical fuel. Compared to water splitting, hydrogen production from renewable biomass derivatives and water thro...

In the paper the future of hydrogen infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles in China is discussed. It is believed that, China should make di2erent plans of hydrogen infrastructure during di2erent periods and in di2erent regions. Besides, a case of application in Beijing is studied to 3nd the best plan for Beijing to develop hydrogen infrastructure in 2008 when Olympic Games will be held. In the s...

Hydrogen is recognized as a potential and extremely interesting energy carrier, which can facilitate efficient utilization of unevenly distributed renewable energy. Furthermore, hydrogen has an extremely interesting chemistry and form compounds with most elements in the periodic table and with a variety of different types of bonds. Metal hydrides has recently become very interesting as new clas...

Hydrogen is a valuable gas as a clean energy source and as feedstock for some industries. Therefore, demand on hydrogen production has increased considerably in recent years. Electrolysis of water, steam reforming of hydrocarbons and auto-thermal processes are well-known methods for hydrogen gas production, but not cost-effective due to high energy requirements. Biological production of hydroge...

We propose that the ideal fracture energy of a material with mobile bulk impurities can be obtained within the framework of a Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle. We show that such a definition has the advantage of initial and final states at equilibrium, connected by well-defined and measurable energetic quantities, which can also be calculated from first principles. Using this approach, we calcula...

We have evaluated the energy loss of swift hydrogen ions moving through a solid target, paying special attention to the effect due to the polarization of the projectile. Our calculation is done in the framework of the dielectric formalism, taking into account the contribution to the energy loss due to the charge fraction of protons and hydrogen atoms, the electronic capture and loss processes, ...

The production of a useful and valuable product during swine wastewater treatment, such as hydrogen gas, could help to lower treatment costs. Hydrogen can theoretically be produced from wastewater by electrohydrogenesis in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) or by fermentation. Using a single-chamber MEC with a graphite-fiber brush anode, hydrogen gas was generated at 0.9-1.0 m(3) m(-3) day(-1)...