Providing sustainable mobility is a major challenge that will require new vehicle and fuel technologies. Alternative and future fuels are the subject of considerable research and public interest. A simple approach is presented that can be used in science education lectures at the high school or undergraduate level to provide students with an understanding of the elemental composition of future ...

Transportation is a key part of the global economy. It allows for the free movement of people and goods. Transportation emits 27% of American greenhouse gas emissions and 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions and is currently almost exclusively based on fossil fuels. As the rest of the world starts to demand the same standard of living as the United States the global impact of emissions due to...

Three E’s are the national energy policy drivers of any country of the world, Energy security, Economic growth and Environmental protection. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen from the air) gases through electrodes and across an ion conducting electrolyte. The principal characteristic of a fuel ...

A feasible way to avoid the risk of energy decline and combat climate change is to build a 100% renewable global energy mix. However, a globally electrified economy cannot grow much above 12 electric terawatts without putting pressure on the limits of finite mineral reserves. Here we analyze whether 12 TW of electricity and 1 TW of biomass (final) power will be able to fuel a future post-carbon...

At the University of Minnesota, I have been working on designing a sustainable small scale Haber-Bosch process, powered by wind-generated electricity. The electricity generated by the stranded wind is used to split water to produce hydrogen, and to separate nitrogen from the air by pressure swing adsorption. Once produced, hydrogen and nitrogen are fed to a Haber-Bosch reactor to synthesize car...

Biomass from energy crops and agroindustrial wastes can be biologically converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, such as ethanol, methanol, methane and hydrogen, which was recently characterized as the fuel of the future. Hydrogen is a clean and environmentally friendly fuel, which produces water instead of greenhouse gases when combusted. It can be produced by renewable raw materials, such as org...

The temporal and geographical availability of renewable energy sources is highly variable, which imposes the importance correct choices for storage transport systems. This paper presents a smart strategy to utilize natural gas distribution grid store hydrogen. goal twofold: evaluating capacity limits accommodate “green hydrogen” preset increasing shares (RESs) determining at same time optimal m...

multistage stochastic programming is a key technology for making decisions over time in an uncertain environment. one of the promising areas in which this technology is implementable, is medium term planning of electricity production and trading where decision makers are typically faced with uncertain parameters (such as future demands and market prices) that can be described by stochastic proc...