Tide-induced hydraulic head fluctuation results in significant airflow above the water table if the aquifer is air-confined, for example, if the aquifer is capped by low permeability materials. Hypothetical studies on the interaction between tidal fluctuation and airflow in coastal aquifers are carried out using an air–water two-phase numerical model. The results show that both the amplitude of...

The street hydraulic capacity to convey storm water is dictated by the street gutter geometry and hydraulic characteristics. With the consideration of traffic safety, the street hydraulic conveyance capacity is also subject to a reduction defined by the water velocity and flow depth in the street gutter. In this study, the street hydraulic equation is re-arranged to demonstrate that the water v...

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A general model of solids with vectorial microstructures is introduced. The field equationsare the obtained as Euler-Lagrange equations of a suitable energetic functional. The Cosserat model is encompassed in this model and it can be used to study the behaviour of granular media. A first approach to this problem deals with a two dimensional model, since in such a case the field equations have a...

5.1 Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Templated Nanowires Due to their small sizes and potential for controllable features, nanowires/tubes represent an attractive option for increasing the surface area of ceria-based anodes. Templated approaches are currently the most flexible routes to fabricating nanowires/tubes, as only a suitable filling method needs be developed for a particular material compos...

The microstructures of eutectics between compounds were studied for systems MnO-MnS, NaCl-NaF, NaBr-NaF, LiF-NaF, and FeO-FeS. With the exception of FeS, all the compounds had the NaC1-type structure. In the systems having only NaC1-type structures, the lamellas of the two eutectic phases had matching crystal orientations. There was less consistency among the eutectic systems, however, than bet...

Based on energy variation methods we calculated the deflection of membranes under the combined load of an external pressure and an internal lateral stress. A lateral load gives rise to buckling once a critical load is exceeded. The combination of transversal loads and lateral loads changes the properties of the membrane (and other structures) in the vicinity of the buckling load: The membrane d...

This paper deals with the reshaping technology for realizing three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures through plastic deformation of single-crystal silicon (SCS) films by applying Joule heating. SCS beams are used for determining the behavior of SCS microstructures during reshaping. The reshaped SCS structure has a sharp corner at a point where stress and heat are concentrated. The plastic defor...

The fabrication of capped microstructures such as channels or cavities typically involves multiple production steps. In this work we demonstrate a fabrication procedure that enables the generation of capped monolithic microstructures of arbitrary geometry in one single exposure step. The presented method also enables the embedment of metal self-aligned surfaces for use as electrodes or mirrors....