A hybrid numerical scheme designed for hypersonic non-equilibrium flows is presented which solves the Navier-Stokes equations in regions of near-equilibrium and uses the direct simulation Monte Carlo method where the flow is in non-equilibrium. Detailed analysis of each stage of the hybrid cycle illustrates the difficulty in defining physically correct DSMC boundary conditions in regards to bot...

The design of engine control systems has been traditionally carried out using a mix of heuristic techniques validated by simulation and prototyping using approximate mean– value models. However, the ever increasing demands on passengers’ comfort, safety, emissions and fuel consumption imposed by car manufacturers and regulations call for more robust techniques and the use of cycle–accurate mode...

The main contributions of this paper are the development of a forward-looking hybrid vehicle simulation tool, and its application to the design of a power management control algorithm. The hybrid electric vehicle simulation tool (HE-VESIM) was developed at the Automotive Research Center of the University of Michigan to study the potential fuel economy and emission benefits of the parallel hybri...

In order to ensure superiority of fuel and improve start and stop performance of hybrid electric vehicle, battery is used in the system. Limited by vehicle’s size, traditional hybrid electric vehicles can only carry a limited number of batteries, resulting in a relatively short running distance in one battery charge cycle. To improve energy using efficiency and increase vehicle safety, composit...

Unification in Description Logics (DLs) has been proposed as an inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. For the DL EL, which is used to define several large biomedical ontologies, unification is NP-complete. However, the unification algorithms for EL developed until recently could not deal with ontologies containing general concept inclusions (GCIs...

We address the problem of delivering as quickly as possible a requested torque produced by a spark ignition engine equipped with a multi-point port injection manifold and with electronic throttle. The optimal control problem, subject to the constraint that the air}fuel ratio stays within a pre-assigned range around the stoichiometric ratio, is solved for a detailed, cycle-accurate hybrid model ...

In this study, effect of energy price on the development of a biomass gasification-solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power plant has been considered. Although, these hybrid systems have been studied based on sustainable approaches, economic aspects, specifically conventional energy prices, which are the principal bottleneck for the development of these new power generators, have attracte...

We pose a reformulated model for optimal design and allocation of conventional (CV), hybrid electric (HEV), and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles to obtain global solutions that minimize life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the fleet. The reformulation is a twice-differentiable, factorable, nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model that can be solved globally usi...

We have synthesized a series of S-allyl cysteine ester-caffeic acid amide hybrids and evaluated them in order to determine their possible anticancer activity and selectivity in colorectal cancer, which is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. All compounds were tested against SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and the non-malignant CHO-K1 cell line. Among the...