A coupled hurricane–ocean model was constructed from an axisymmetric hurricane model and a three-layer ocean model. If the hurricane moves at constant speed across the ocean a statistically steady state (in a reference frame moving with the storm) is reached after a few days of simulation time. The steady-state intensity of the hurricane is strongly affected by the interaction with the ocean. T...

Covering December 1997 through December 1998, 261 overpasses of 45 hurricanes by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite are used to document the observed radar reflectivity values, passive microwave ice scattering magnitudes, and total lightning (cloud to ground plus in cloud). These parameters are interpreted as describing convective vigor or intensity, with greater reflectiv...

Forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensification remains difficult despite research efforts to improve numerical weather prediction models. This study aims to examine Hurricane Earl’s rapid intensification in order to gain a better understanding of the observed and modeled intensification process. 113 dropwindsondes were analyzed before, during, and after RI in the eye, eyewall, and outer rain...

We have conceptually studied the potential for mitigation of natural hurricanes by inducing anthropogenic perturbations prior to or in front of an advancing hurricane. We propose actual hardware for the task. It consists of multiple jet engines mounted on barges or ships that will be dispatched to strategic locations in the ocean where the sea surface temperature is high and the vertical temper...

Building on previous studies of western North Pacific formation and intensity predictions along the ECMWF ensemble medium-range track forecasts, first objective this transition to eastern was provide earlier forecasts Time-to-Formation (T2F) Time-to-Hurricane (T2H) than are available from National Hurricane Center Advisories. For six hurricanes 2021 season, detections in were 8 days 12 advance ...

Design and perform controlled numerical experiments with a realistic hurricane model (Wang 1998) and a coupled hurricane-ocean model to identify major processes determining baroclinic TC motion in the presence of convective heating and/or air-sea interaction. We develop, test, and apply a new diagnostic framework, the potential vorticity tendency (PVT) analysis, for quantifying contributions of...