It is from the mere announcement of the possibility of human cloning that moralists have formulated critical arguments against the permissibility of introducing this practice. A critical survey of these arguments, however, shows that they are not well founded, i.e. that frequently they are not such that they can be used as legitimate arguments in the debate about what is publicly permissible in...

most basic instinct of all creatures is to survive and propagate. The social concepts of love, family, community and mortality strengthen the biological drive for genetic procreation. Reproductive liberty is most often described as a negative right: a guaranteed right to be free from state interference in procreative choice. 1 Few theorists in the developed world would contradict the negative r...

background: gamma -aminobutyric acid (gaba), a non-protein amino acid acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammalians. the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) is responsible for the conversion of l-glutamate to gaba. the human brain has two isoforms of this enzyme, gad65 and gad67 that differ in molecular weight, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular location ...

the success rate of several advanced basic and clinical techniques in the field of mammalian biotechnology, including cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and assisted reproductive techniques (art) depends mainly on the success rate of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (ivfet). the techniques used in art have advanced considerably since the first in vitro fertil...

Movies and science fiction novels for years have depicted ancient and exotic animals resurrected from extinction by mad scientists and out-of-thisworld phenomena. While in actuality we have yet to see any such resurrections, the theoretical results once thought to be science fiction fantasy have come a step closer to reality as powerful technology has been developed which allows the production ...

An efficient animal cloning technology would provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, human medicine, and animal conservation. Nuclear cloning involves the production of animals that are genetically identical to the donor cells used in a technique known as nuclear transfer (NT). However, at present it is an inefficient process: in cattle, only around 6% of the embryos transferr...

Commercialization of animal biotechnologies, including those related to reproduction [also known as assisted reproductive techniques (ARTS)], is an increasing reality in developing countries, following the enormous flow of information around us and the increasing global commercial interests in areas where cattle production has its major assets. The present review discusses the achievements of v...