Enteroviruses are a common cause of childhood infections, from hand, foot and mouth disease, to lethal brainstem encephalitis. Enterovirus 71 was first isolated in 1969. Brainstem encephalomyelitis and pulmonary oedema are postulated to be causally related and have been found to be a common feature of fatal enterovirus 71 cases. A fatal case of enterovirus 71 infection in a 2-year-old, previous...

Widespread circulation of human enterovirus 71 was discovered in a prospective study of fecal samples obtained from healthy Norwegian children. Molecular characterization of the virus determined that it belonged to genotype C1. Complete sequencing of this strain, HEV71 804/NO/03, revealed differences in the 5'UTR and polymerase with respect to more pathogenic genotypes that may explain its redu...

The complete genome sequence of a human enterovirus 71 strain (EV71/wuhan/3018/2010), which was isolated in Wuhan in 2010, was amplified by a reverse transcription-PCR method and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence classified this strain into subgenogroup A.

We report an 8-month-old female infant with the fatal enterovirus 71 infection here. Clinically, she developed respiratory failure and severe pulmonary edema rapidly. Histologically, the lung specimen showed diffuse, severe pulmonary congestion and edema with focal intra-alveolar hemorrhage and typical features of acute encephalitis were easily identified under light microscope. Immunohistochem...

To determine the relationship of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) to prototype CA16-G10, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of circulating CA16 strains in China. Complex recombinant forms of CA16-related viruses involving multiple human enteroviruses, subgroup A (CA4, CA16, and enterovirus 71), are prevalent among patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease.