In no other phase of human activity does the interaction of science and society so consistently affect the course of events as in the field of health and medical care. A continuum of change and adjustment reflects the sweep of technical progress and the swirl of sotial forces. Need and demand for health service sensitively respond to such changes-but in differing planes and patterns. Old barrie...

Patterns of spontaneous activity are valuable reflections of well-being in animals and humans and, because of this, investigations have frequently incorporated some form of activity monitoring into their studies. It is widely believed that activity monitoring, alongside assessments of general behaviour, should be included in initial CNS safety pharmacology screening. As the number of marmoset s...

An important aim of white (grey) biotechnology is bioremediation, where microbes are employed to remove unwanted chemicals. Microcystins (MCs) and other cyanobacterial toxins are not industrial or agricultural pollutants; however, their occurrence as a consequence of human activity and water reservoir eutrophication is regarded as anthropogenic. Microbial degradation of microcystins is suggeste...

Science is a human activity and like all human activities, it has its share of drama and pathos. The scientific product is often an interaction of certain ways of thinking, personality traits, and circumstances. This essay examines these factors and how the melding of that could lead to breakthrough discoveries. It may in some instances, go wrong, or take a morally ambiguous path.

Beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean, in the deep waters of the continental shelf and continental slope of Antarctica, a magnificent fauna consisting of over 320 known species of fish thrives in the cold and dark. These fish are uniquely adapted to the extreme environment in which they live. Over the course of millennia, they have evolved a remarkable range of physiological and biochemical...

Nanoaerosols have been monitored inside a kitchen and in the courtyard of a suburban farmhouse. Total number concentration and number size distribution (5-1000 nm) of general aerosol particles, as measured with a Grimm Aerosol SMPS+C 5.400 instrument outdoors, were mainly influenced by solar radiation and use of farming equipment, while, indoors, they were drastically changed by human activity ...

Human footprint models allow visualization of human spatial pressure across the globe. Up until now, Antarctica has been omitted from global footprint models, due possibly to the lack of a permanent human population and poor accessibility to necessary datasets. Yet Antarctic ecosystems face increasing cumulative impacts from the expanding tourism industry and national Antarctic operator activit...

Cultural-historical Activity Theory (CHAT) offers us a unique lens to look at human activity in context. As such it is not a theory which aims to evaluate the “objective” truth of the social world, aiming to empirically prove or falsify testable hypotheses. CHAT is closer to ethnomethodology’s notion of theory. It is an attempt to make concrete sociology’s theoretical constructs with reference ...

Clinical researchers investigate the association between disease management, such as drugs, devices, diagnostic tools, severity classification, and symptom gradients, and patient outcomes, including some surrogate measures. Well-conducted research has provided data relevant to clinical practice, and many more patients who were not investigated under the researches also receive the benefit of su...

In the pre-modern world, people mostly lived in small communities, and work was accomplished individually or by a small group of people. There were few occasions that called for coordinated effort by a sizeable group. In such instances, the coordination was secured by generating a rhythm. Peasants pulling a heavy load, seamen unfurling sails and soldiers marching into battle coordinated their a...