rural households in nigeria are vulnerable to shock because of their limited capacity to make informed decision on secured coping strategies which is further aggravated by some households’ specific socio-economic characteristics. attempts were made to identify shocks being faced by households’ heads and coping strategies. multistage sampling technique was used to select 80 respondents and well ...

This study identified the cognitive processes that underlie the individual differences in early mathematical performance in elementary school children. Taking into account the Baddeley framework multicomponent model, the inhibitory processes, working memory, phonological awareness, and naming speed are considered to be related to early math learning. To examine this relationship, we compared th...

The prevalence of computers and the development of the Internet made us able to easily access information. As people are concerned about user information security, the interest of the user authentication method is growing. The most common computer authentication method is the use of alphanumerical usernames and passwords. The password authentication systems currently used are easy, but only if ...

If your language did not have words for numbers, would you be able to think about numeric quantities? An Amazonian culture where number words are limited to one, two and many has provided new insights to the interaction between thought and language.

BACKGROUND We use data from rural Nepal and South India to compare the prevalence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and neonatal mortality risk associated with SGA using different birth-weight-for-gestation reference populations. METHODS We identified 46 reference populations in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria of being commonly cited and havin...

In the probabilistic track of the IPC5 —the last International Planning Competitions— a probabilistic planner based on combining deterministic planning with replanning —FF-REPLAN—outperformed the other competitors. This probabilistic planning paradigm discarded the probabilistic information of the domain, just considering for each action its nominal effect as a deterministic effect. Thus, in ce...

This article explores the effect of external representations on numeric tasks. Through several minor modifications on the previously reported two-digit number comparison task, we obtained different results. Rather than holistic comparison, we found parallel comparison. We argue that this difference was a reflection of different representational forms: The comparison was based on internal repres...

Not only is the operating plan the basis of organizing marshalling station's operation, but it is also used to analyze in detail the capacity utilization of each facility in marshalling station. In this paper, a long-term operating plan is optimized mainly for capacity utilization analysis. Firstly, a model is developed to minimize railcars' average staying time with the constraints of minimum ...

This paper presents a tool developed to obtain qualitative trend representations from signals, Qualtras. The aim of such a type of description is to offer an understandable representation of process behavior based on the concept of qualitative episode. The tool is intended to be used as a numeric to qualitative interface for supervisory applications. The applicability of this tool is demonstrat...