Background:There is a controversial aspect concerning the method of choice for maintaining the patency of peripheral intermittent intravenous catheters. Some institutes use a dilution of heparin for this purpose, whereas many others use a small amount of normal saline flush. So, it would be worthwhile to look for the best available evidence for this. Methods: A thorough search was performed in ...

Quercus seedlings have hypogeal cotyledons and tap roots, both of which act as storage organs. The importance of the storage function in the two organs may change as the seedling develops. Therefore, changes in carbohydrate reserves in cotyledons and roots of Q. crispula grown under 40 % and 3 % of full light from shoot emergence to the completion of the first leaf flush were monitored. In addi...