Conductivity and thermopower measurements of artificial three dimensional bismuth crystals are presented. Due to the size dependent band gap of bismuth, electron transport in the bismuth crystals is a combination of both metallic and hopping conduction. The conductivity and thermopower due to the hopping pathways alone can be extracted through a comparison of the properties of the artificial bi...

This paper considers the physical layer security of frequency hopping (FH) systems. Mainly due to the collision effect among different users, the spectral efficiency of the conventional FH is very low. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we first propose a general collision-free frequency hopping (CFFH) scheme based on secure spectrum access control; Second, we incorporate the CFFH sche...

The flag of registry and classification society are an integral part of the target factors used by Port State Control authorities (PSC) when deciding on vessels to select for inspection. A shipowner may then have an interest in changing the flag of registry (flag-hopping) and classification society (class-hopping) to avoid future controls. Using data on PSCs collected over 6 years from 7,500 ve...

Numerical calculations of anisotropic hopping transport based on the resistor network model are presented. Conductivity is shown to follow the stretched exponential dependence on temperature with exponents increasing from 14 to 1 as the wave functions become anisotropic and their localization length in the direction of charge transport decreases. For sufficiently strong anisotropy, this results...

INTRODUCTION: It has been supposed that leg stiffness affect repeated jump performance, such as hopping. Previous study indicated that ankle joint stiffness is important in leg stiffness (Arampatzis et al. 2001). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Achilles tendon properties could contribute to the total mechanical work during hopping (Lichtwark and Wilson 2005). On the other hand, it is know...

This paper demonstrates the execution and performance of frequency hopping spread spectrum system employing noncoherent frequency shift keyed (NCFSK) modulation. Fast frequency hopping is exploited as a diversity technique over flat Rayleigh fading channel with partial band noise jamming and additive white noise Gaussian (AWGN). The potentiality of the aforementioned system has then, ascertaine...

We demonstrate that a tight-binding Hamiltonian with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hopping integrals can be decomposed into bulk and boundary parts for honeycomb lattice systems. The Hamiltonian decomposition reveals that next-nearest-neighbor hopping causes sizable changes in the energy spectrum of surface states even if the correction to the energy spectrum of bulk states is negligible. ...

We propose a possible charge fluctuation effect expected in layered superconducting materials. In the multireference density functional theory, relevant fluctuation channels for the Josephson coupling between superconducting layers include the interlayer pair hopping derived from the Coulomb repulsion. When interlayer single-electron tunneling processes are irrelevant in the Kohn-Sham electroni...

Schrödinger’s equation with scalar and vector potentials is shown to describe “nothing but” hopping of a quantum particle on a lattice; any spatial variation of the hopping amplitudes acts like an external electric and/or magnetic field. The main point of the argument is the superposition principle for state vectors; Lagrangians, path integrals, or classical Hamiltonians are not (!) required. A...

While individual Tully-style fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) trajectories are stochastic and cannot be inverted in time, it is possible to reverse in time the dynamics of a swarm of FSSH trajectories. Here we show exactly how to invert such dynamics, and we investigate the stability of such time-reversed surface hopping dynamics. We demonstrate that FSSH trajectories can be inverted succ...