Recognizing lexical entailment (RLE) always plays an important role in inference of natural language, i.e., identifying whether one word entails another, for example, fox entails animal. In the literature, automatically recognizing lexical entailment for word pairs deeply relies on words’ contextual representations. However, as a “prototype” vector, a single representation cannot reveal multifa...

The study proceeds from the results of the previous studies showing that the distributional characteristics (frequency) of language input are crucial for the acquisition of prepositions (Savić & Anđelković, 2005, in preparation). The authors analyze deviations in the distribution of prepositions in children's spontaneous speech from the prediction made on the basis of the distributional charact...

Southern Switzerland has a long tradition of chestnut cultivation as a staple food. Local inhabitants constantly selected varieties according to the ripening period, the type of use, and the adaptability to the territory. As a result, the panorama of chestnut varieties is very complex, as reflected by more than 120 different variety names in an area of 26,000 ha. Since 1994, 47 varieties have b...

Patient and sample misidentification may cause significant harm or discomfort to the patients, especially when incorrect data is used for performing specific healthcare activities. It is hence obvious that efficient and quality care can only start from accurate patient identification. There are many opportunities for misidentification in healthcare and laboratory medicine, including homonymy, i...

Language understanding is one of the crucial issues both for the theoretical study of language as well as for applications developed in the domain of natural language processing. As Katz (1966, p.100) puts it “to understand the ability of natural languages to serve as instrument to the communication of thoughts and ideas we must understand what it is that permits those who speak them consistent...

The paper considers the peculiarities of origin and functioning lexical polysemy in different languages, particular Ukrainian, German English. author examines discourse Ukrainian scholars terms study polysemic words causes, relationship between meanings words, distinction phenomena homonymy, linguistic functions units. opinion that languages is not an accidental phenomenon was justified. It emp...

The use of natural language identifiers as reference for ontology elements—in addition to the URIs required by the Semantic Web standards—is of utmost importance because of their predominance in the human everyday life, i.e. speech or print media. Depending on the context, different names can be chosen for one and the same element, and the same element can be referenced by different names. Here...

This paper draws on graph theory and optimization techniques to develop a new measure of word ambiguity (e.g., homonymy and polysemy) for use in psycholinguistic research. This measure provides information regarding the uncertainty of the intended meaning of English words. Specifically, data about sixty-four thousand distinct words was collected from a corpus of close to three hundred million w...

One of the core challenges for current landscape of ontology based research is to develop efficient ontology merging algorithms which can resolve the mismatches with no or minimum human intervention, and generate automatic global merged ontology on-the-fly to fulfil the needs of automated enterprise business applications and mediation based data warehousing. This paper presents our approach of ...

The arthropodium is the key innovation of arthropods. Its various modifications are the outcome of multiple evolutionary transformations, and the foundation of nearly endless functional possibilities. In contrast to hexapods, crustaceans, and even chelicerates, the spectrum of evolutionary transformations of myriapod arthropodia is insufficiently documented and rarely scrutinized. Among Myriapo...