Background: To enhance the dose to tumor, the use of high atomic number elements has been proposed.Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle distribution on dose enhancement in tumor when the tumor is irradiated by typical monoenergetic X-ray beams by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the tumor.Method...

Platinum extraction from different secondary sources has been experimentally tested by many researchers. In this article, dissolution of platinum in aqua-regia solution from two types of spent catalysts (reforming and nitric acid production) was kinetically studied. A variety of kinetic models for heterogeneous solid-liquid reactions, including homogeneous diffusion model, shrinking core model,...

With the aid of the creation operators introduced in our previous works, we show how to construct a basis of the space of quasi-local operators for the homogeneous XXZ chain.

This paper examines the empirical validity of a model of homogeneous input demand under price uncertainty in which firms trade off expected input cost against its variability (risk) in selecting the optimal input supplier mix. Using recent work in time-series econometrics, this model is applied to the Japanese steam-coal import market, where five suppliers compete: China, the Soviet Union, Sout...

We show that the algebra of commuting Hamiltonians of the homogeneous XXX Heisenberg model has simple spectrum on the subspace of singular vectors of the tensor product of two-dimensional gl 2 -modules. As a byproduct we show that there exist exactly ( n l )

The thalamic ventral posterior lateral neurons (VPL) respond to somatosensory stimulation with a burst of action potentials followed by a periodic oscillation at the spindle frequency. This study aims to build a statistical model to quantify the multi -unit behavior and explain putative underlying mechanisms. Multi -unit data, comprising 4 or 5 different neurons, were collected from anesthetize...

This paper presents a new empirical model to simulate the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), which is the most prominent mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. Zonal wind components at 850 and 200 hPa from reanalysis (1948–2007) and outgoing longwave radiation from satellites (1979–2007) are used to identify MJOs and characterize their statistical properties. The temporal variability of the ...

Manpower Planning is the prerequisite for efficient management of any organization. The stability of the graded structure in corporate and government offices plays a dominant role for efficient planning and control of human resources. The constituent components of a manpower planning model are recruitment process, promotion process and leaving process. This paper addresses a two-graded manpower...

A 3-dimensional model and analysis methodology is suggested for treating lifting tasks when unbalanced loads are involved. The paper describes the biomechanical equations that are coupled with the worker's posture geometry, to address a practical problem of non-symmetric lifting. The analysis has a dominant biomechanical modeling scope, as it contains a breakdown of the internal lifting forces ...