background: the role of oxidative stress in endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity has been implicated. this study was performed to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamins e and c, against endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. methods: fifty adult male sprague–dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 each). the groups included a control receiving vehicl...

Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is the most common special histological type of (BC). This review recapitulates developments in histomorphologic assessment ILC from its beginnings with seminal work Foote and Stewart, which was published 1941, until today. We discuss different concepts their implications. These include (i) BC arising mammary lobules, (ii) growing dissociated cells single fi...

Objective: Physiological outcomes in patients of cloacal exstrophy are governed primarily by neurological innervation and detrusor histomorphology. An evaluation of the bladder plate histomorphology for the presence of neural elements, collagen fibres and smooth muscle components was done and correlation attempted with detrusor physiology. Methods: From three cases of cloacal exstrophy, full th...

Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is a worldwide health concern and lacks sufficient basic studies. Suitable animal models should be the foundation for basic study and treatment of OVF. There have been few studies on the development of animal models of osteoporotic vertebral bone defects. OVF models using various animal species should be developed to evaluate the therapeutic strategy in pre...

The thymus gland is a lymphoid tissue derived from III and IV pharyngeal pouches. It is the source of stem cells that migrate to other lymphoid organs and participate in immune reactions (Kent, 1978). The thymus gland is regarded immunologically as a primary or central lymphoid organ and its presence is essential for the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues and their associated adaptive i...

Histopathology is the most useful tool for diagnosis of a number of diseases, especially cancer. To be effective, histopathology requires that tissues be fixed prior to processing. Formalin is currently the most common histologic fixative, offering many advantages: it is cheap, readily available, and pathologists are routinely trained to examine tissues fixed in formalin. However, formalin fixa...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that has deleterious effects on male reproductive function, possibly through an increase in oxidative stress. Walnut is known as an antioxidant that may be effective on decreasing free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate walnut consumption effects on testis and prostate in diabetic Wistar male rats induced by STZ. Materials and...

Objective(s): Kisspeptin and opioids are important factors for controlling GnRH/LH secretion. In present study, influences of kisspeptin or morphine were investigated on 5α- reductase or aromatase (CYP19) genes expression in the hypothalamus, testis and liver. It aimed to investigate whether kisspeptin pathway may control morphine effects on plasma concentration of tes...