A family is reported in which three generations were affected with eye-winking tics and/or blepharospasm. The proband developed eye-winking tics in childhood and then developed excessive blinking progressing to blepharospasm by the age of 21 years. His mother presented with Meige's syndrome and spasmodic torticollis at the age of 59 years; his uncle had blinked excessively from his early fortie...

quranic knowledge and injunctions can be explained and understood in three levels, and its full grasp will not be possible without considering the prophet¨s interpretation of the qur'an. it is necessary for an interpreter of the qur'an to have access to the prophet¨s interpretation. that is why imam ali, the rightful successor of the prophet, is regarded as the second interpreter or, ...

maqsad-ol-aqsa fi tarjamat-ol-mostaqsa« is a detailed history of mohammad (peace be upon him) and the khalifas, which is translated from arabic by hossein ibn el-hassan el-khwarazmi el-kubravi (died in a.h. 839). his other writings prove his talent in many different scientific fields such as gnosticism, commentary of quran, mathematics and astronomy. his poems were published as »the name of hos...

ashura tragic event and the martyrdom of imam hussein (as) are considered the greatest events in the history of islam after ghadir event because imam (as) held the great epic in ashura day and sacrificed himself and his family, near kin and his companions for the survival of islam. this human event had influence on poets’ souls as they made an attempt to compose lyrics about imam (as). some of ...

the life of ibn hani can be divided into two parts: the first period under the umayyad rule in andalusia, where he spends nearly three decades of his life in his homeland in obscurity without referring scholars in his life to the poem or literary pieces, and the second period is in moroccan area, proven in his divan, after his sun has raised and shone commonly mentioned there.  the study in the...

T Sydenham is undoubtedly the most celebrated British physician. He has been considered the father of English medicine and the English equivalent of Hippocrates.1 Sydenham was born on September 1624 in Wynford Eagle, Dorset. He joined Magdalene Hall, Oxford at the age of e ighteen to study m e d i c i n e . H o w e v e r there was an interruption in his studies because o f h i s p a r t i c i p...