Background and Objectives: Hippocampal volume reduction has been reported in diabetes mellitus type 1. It is believed that hyperglycemia and oxidative stress mediate neuropathological changes in hippocampal neurons. In this study we aimed to study the effect of insulin and an antioxidant like ascorbic acid on preventing volume changes of dentate gyrus and CA3 region of hippocampus. Materials an...

Abstract Background The ability to form hippocampal‐dependent memories declines steadily in normal aging, and exponentially people with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Correspondingly, the whole hippocampal formation follows same trajectories of decline. Critically, pathological changes distinguishable subfields related cognitive abilities are not well characterized in. Herein, we investigat...

Computational models based on hippocampal connectivity have proposed that CA3 is uniquely positioned as an autoassociative memory network, capable of performing the competing functions of pattern completion and pattern separation. Recently, three independent studies, two using parallel neurophysiological recording methods and one using immediate-early gene imaging, have examined the responses o...

A variety of neurological complications has been reported in infants exposed to cocaine during gestation. In the present study, intrinsic cell properties of hippocampal neurons from CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were measured and compared in tissue from neonatal rats exposed to saline or cocaine in utero. Synaptic properties of the CA1 pyramidal cell region were analyzed at postnatal day ...

The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, the Cornu Ammonis (CA) subregions (also called hippocampus proper or Ammon's horn), the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex. There are four histological subdivisions in the CA, namely: CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4. Subarea CA3 has drawn attention for its major role in encoding spatial representations and episodic memories [1, 2]. Due to the pre...

For more than a decade, there has been extensive discussion about whether hippocampal sclerosis causes enhanced neuronal excitability as a prerequisite for seizure generation. The disorder known as Ammon’s horn sclerosis (AHS) is characterized by pronounced cell loss and gliosis in various regions of the hippocampal formation, leaving the subiculum generally intact (1, 2). Given the hypothesis ...

The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of spatial learning ability and specific electrical activities of neural oscillations in the rat. The fast and general avoidance response groups were selected on the basis of the animals' responses to the electric shock in Y type maze, and their local field potentials (LFPs) of hippocampal CA3 area were recorded by wireless telemet...

The Spatiotemporal activity evoked in the hippocampal CA1 by contralateral CA3 stimulation was investigated in vivo. Spatial activity was localized and the spatial size of the activity depended on stimulus frequency. LTP induced by tetanic stimulation of contralateral CA3 just emphasized spatiotemporal activity and did not influence the spatial size of the activity. in vitro, Spatiotemporal act...

Early developmental exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental changes, particularly in rodents. The primary goal of this work was to establish whether acute postnatal exposure to a low dose of DEHP would alter hippocampal dendritic morphology and BDNF and caspase-3 mRNA expression in male and female Long Evans rats. Treatment with DEHP in m...

The mossy fiber pathway has long been considered to provide the major source of excitatory input to pyramidal cells of hippocampal area CA3. In this review we describe anatomical and physiological properties of this pathway that challenge this view. We argue that the mossy fiber pathway does not provide the main input to CA3 pyramidal cells, and that the short-term plasticity and amplitude vari...