purpose: the aim of this study was to investigate the information poverty of post graduate students of birjand university with respect to its 4 indicators (information overload, information vacuum, information inequality, and digital divide) and the role of globalization in information poverty from their point of view. methodology: this study was a descriptive survey. the population consisted o...

this paper addresses adaptive observer design problem for joint estimation of the states and unknown parameters for a class of nonlinear systems which satisfying one-sided lipschitz and quadratic inner bounded conditions. it’s shown that the stability of the proposed observer is related to finding solutions to a quadratic inequality consists of state and parameter errors. a coordinate transform...

In his 1926 short story, “The Rich Boy,” F. Scott Fitzgerald observes: “Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they...

Society often allocates valuable resources such as prestigious positions, salaries, or marriage partners via tournament-like institutions. In such situations, inequality affects incentives to compete and hence has a direct impact on equilibrium choices and hence material outcomes. We introduce a new distinction between inequality in initial endowments (e.g. ability, inherited wealth) and inequa...

This study explores the consequences and origins of between-ethnicity economic inequality across countries. First, combining satellite images of nighttime luminosity with the historical homelands of ethnolinguistic groups we construct measures of ethnic inequality for a large sample of countries. We also compile proxies of overall spatial inequality and regional inequality across administrative...

We give three proofs of a functional inequality for the standard Gaussian measure originally due to William Beckner. The first uses the central limit theorem and a tensorial property of the inequality. The second uses the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup, and the third uses the heat semigroup. These latter two proofs yield a more general inequality than the one Beckner originally proved. We then ge...

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about economic inequality in India during the post-reform period. We analyze consumption inequality through the hitherto neglected lens of nonfood expenditure. Using household level consumption expenditure data from the quinquennial “thick” rounds of the NSS, we show that inequality within food and non-food groups has declined, even as overall expend...