The Mueller matrix (M) corresponding to the phase matrix in the backscattering region (scattering angles ranging from 175 degrees to 180 degrees) is investigated for light scattering at a 0.532-microm wavelength by hexagonal ice crystals, ice spheres, and water droplets. For hexagonal ice crystals we assume three aspect ratios (plates, compact columns, and columns). It is shown that the contour...

Human beings perceive 3D shapes veridically, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The problem of producing veridical shape percepts is computationally difficult because the 3D shapes have to be recovered from 2D retinal images. This paper describes a new model, based on a regularization approach, that does this very well. It uses a new simplicity principle composed of four shape constr...

By means of extensive contact dynamics simulations, we investigate the mechanical equilibrium and deformation of a granular material composed of irregular polyhedral particles confined between two horizontal frictional planes. We show that, as a consequence of mobilized wall-particle friction forces at the top and bottom boundaries, the transient deformation induced by a constant vertical load ...

A fiber’s efficiency in a short-fiber composite can be accurately solved by shear-lag methods, which can account for fiber geometry, an imperfect interface (or interphase), and extend to low volume fractions. Such an analysis was used to evaluate the aspect ratio requirements for singlewalled nanotubes (SWNT) in a polymeric composite and contrast it to conventional fibers. The aspect ratio requ...

Low aspect ratio wings are used extensively on openwheeled race cars to generate aerodynamic downforce. Consequently, a great deal of effort is invested in obtaining wing profiles that provide high values of lift coefficient. If the wings are designed using 2-D methods, then it is necessary to take into account the change in operating angle of a typical airfoil section that occurs when it opera...

In aerospace computational uid dynamics calculations, high aspect ratio, or stretched, triangulations are often used to adequately resolve the features of a viscous ow around bodies. In this paper, we explore alternatives to the Delaunay triangulation which can be used to generate high aspect ratio triangulations of point sets. The method is based on a variation of the lifting map concept which...

Abstract. Multilevel algorithms are a successful class of optimisation techniques which address the mesh partitioning problem. They usually combine a graph contraction algorithm together with a local optimisation method which refines the partition at each graph level. To date these algorithms have been used almost exclusively to minimise the cut-edge weight, however it has been shown that for c...

Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is one of the most important etching techniques because it is independent of crystal orientation and does not require any wet process. DRIE can be applied for many applications. For examples, this technique can be used to fabricate MEMS devices (e.g. accelerometers, scanners, etc.), microfluidic devices, electrical through wafer interconnects, and so on. In many...

We consider 2D Alpha Solid Complexes of Poisson disc samplings of regions of solid objects. In this article we prove that the triangles have aspect ratio less or equal than 4 √ 3. This fact implies that the mesh has a good quality.