BACKGROUND The endogenous opioid system plays a significant role in alcohol dependence. The goal of the current study was to investigate regional brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and delta-opioid receptor (DOR) availability in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent and age-matched healthy control men and women with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS Alcohol-dependent subjects com...

Abstract Higher alcohols (phenylethyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol), as the crucial aroma compounds, have been found to associate with sensory properties of various alcoholic products. The Ehrlich Harris pathways are main for yeast produce phenylethyl during brewing process products, whereas specific changes in Wickerhamomyces anomalus under ethanol stress still unclear. In this study, W. NCU003...

BACKGROUND A recent high-profile murder case and the passage of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act have focused policymakers' attention on domestic violence against pregnant women and new mothers. The link between men's alcohol consumption and spousal abuse has led some to suggest that more stringent alcohol regulations could ameliorate domestic violence. AIM OF STUDY (i) To examine the corre...

OBJECTIVE The present study used a case-crossover design to investigate the association of caregiver alcohol consumption and supervision to children's injury occurrence and severity. METHOD A community sample of 170 mothers of toddlers was interviewed biweekly about their children's daily injuries for a period of 6 months. RESULTS Proximal caregiver-reported alcohol use predicted higher lik...

INTRODUCTION Alcohol drinking is a major contributing factor to death, disease, injury and social problems such as violence or child neglect and abuse, especially in Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES To preliminary evaluate the prevalence and social and behavioural patterns of alcohol drinking in a pilot group of the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS study) subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Open-ended pro...

Alcohol intake may impair human abilities, degrade human performance, and result in serious diseases. Alcohol sensors are needed to manage the risk and effect of alcohol use to human health and performance. This paper was focused on the theoretical models and design of carbon nanotube based alcohol sensors. The experiments verified that single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used to detect alcoh...

BACKGROUND Adolescent health is a growing concern. High rates of binge drinking and teenage pregnancies, documented in the UK, are two measures defining poor wellbeing. Improving wellbeing through schools is a priority but information on the impact of wellbeing on alcohol use, and on sexual activity among schoolchildren is limited. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using self-completed questio...

BACKGROUND Alcohol use and hazardous drinking have been studied in school children and in urban areas of Kenya, but there has been no adult survey of these issues in a rural household population. METHODS This study reports the prevalence of alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in a household survey of a demographic surveillance site in rural Kenya. Information collected included demogra...

This study assessed the effects of dexamphetamine with and without alcohol on simulated driving and cognitive tasks. 18 subjects participated in all 4 conditions: 10 mg dexamphetamine and 0.8g/kg alcohol, 10 mg dexamphetamine only, 0.8g/kg alcohol only, and a placebo control condition. A driving simulator was used to assess driving skills and risk taking on different road types. Cognitive perfo...

Among a nationally representative sample of adults with an alcohol use disorder, the authors tested whether perceived stigmatization of alcoholism was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving alcohol-related services. Data were drawn from a face-to-face epidemiologic survey of 34,653 adults interviewed in 2004-2005 who were aged 20 years or older and residing in households and group quar...