The nonselective herbicide glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) inhibited the light-induced accumulation of phenylpropanoid substances (chlorogenic acid, procyanidin, rutin, anthocyanin) in etiolated buckwheat hypocotyls 90% at 1 millimolar. Structurally related compounds, such as n,n-bis[phosphonomethyl]glycine, aminomethylphosphonate, methylglycine, and iminodiacetate, had little or no inh...

Photorhabdus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. Members of Photorhabdus have a complex life cycle during which the bacterium has a pathogenic interaction with insect larvae whilst also maintaining a mutualistic relationship with nematodes from the family Heterorhabditidae. During growth in the insect, Photorhabdus bacteria produce a broad-spectrum antibioti...

This study was conducted in the plastic house of College Agricultural Engineering Sciences at University Baghdad to evaluate activity Hirsutella sp. fungus and Nematode Verox against Meloidogyne spp. causative agent root knots Fig seedlings. Treatment eggs with 20ml/L 2g/L caused significant inhibition hatching after 3,5 7 d. The number non- were 96.70, 54.00and 29.30 respectively petri plates ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant response fifteen Hypericum perforatum L. dark-grown (HR1 A-HR1 O) photoperiod-exposed (HR2 A-HR2 hairy root clones. Dark-grown HR1 clones were characterized with high biomass accumulation up-regulated phenylpropanoid metabolism through phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)-mediated production flavonoids, flavan-3-ols ...

Bean callus was induced to form roots (tissue differentiation) and vascular nodules (cell differentiation) by lowering the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in the growth medium. Both types of differentiation were inhibited by the addition of abscisic acid (at concentrations greater than I muM) to induction medium. Initiation of differentiation was inhibited, but its subsequent development was not, a...

The color of grapevine berries is one the most important quality parameters that define appearance, attracts consumer, and determines price, especially in red grape cultivars. Some varieties show less development due to many factors such as temperature, light intensity, agricultural management. present study aimed evaluate diverse phytohormones coupled with grafting on fruit coloration ’Crimson...

Flavonols, phenylalanine-derived secondary metabolites, have protective and regulatory functions in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, they are consecutively glycosylated at their 3-OH and 7-OH groups. UGT78D1 and UGT78D2 are the major flavonol 3-O-glycosyltransferases in Arabidopsis leaves. The ugt78d1 ugt78d2 double mutant, which was strongly compromised in the initial 3-O-glycosylation, showed...

The plant elicitors use as an agricultural input is limited and few studies show their influence on physiological responses. However, its can induce broad-spectrum long-lasting resistance in plants by inducing defense systems, primary secondary metabolism. the aim of this study was to evaluate gas exchange (gs, A, E, Ci, WUE, iWUE iCE) enzymatic antioxidant system (POD, PPO PAL) Z. mays under a...

We analyzed the developmental regulation and the activation by wounding of several stress-related genes in various parsley organs. The genes encode phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), two enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism; a flavonoid specific enzyme, chalcone synthase (CHS); a furanocoumarin specific enzyme, bergaptol O-methyltransferase (BMT); and a...