background: there are many physiological and psychological factors, which affect sensitivity to pain in children afflicted with all. the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between salivary cortisol and sensitivity to pain, and also study the role of age and gender. methods: seventy eight children (33 girls and 45 boys, aged 3 to 12 years) with all participated in this study...

Contrast sensitivity functions for sinusoidal gratings of varying spatial frequency and stimulus duration were determined for both eyes of 2 patients with amblyopia due to early occlusion and lid closure. The amblyopic eyes showed reduced contrast sensitivity over a wide range of spatial frequencies and stimulus durations, and the temporal integration time of the amblyopic eye was increased by ...

A new contrast sensitivity (CS) card test was used to estimate contrast sensitivity in 18 infants and children with Down syndrome (DS). The results showed that although the overall shape of the contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of the subjects with DS was the typical inverted-U, their CSFs were depressed in comparison to control subjects and this relative loss became larger with increasing ...

Although the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is a particularly useful way of characterising functional vision, its measurement relies on observers making reliable perceptual reports. Such procedures can be challenging when testing children. Here we describe a system for measuring the CSF using an automated analysis of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN); an involuntary oscillatory eye movement made...

Sharks have long been described as having 'poor' vision. They are cone monochromats and anatomical estimates suggest they have low spatial resolution. However, there are no direct behavioural measurements of spatial resolution or contrast sensitivity. This study estimates contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution of two species of benthic sharks, the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjac...

Purpose The measurement of achromatic sensitivity has been an important tool for monitoring subtle changes in vision as the result of disease or response to therapy. In this study, we aimed to provide a normative data set for achromatic and chromatic contrast sensitivity functions within a common cone contrast space using an abbreviated measurement approach suitable for clinical practice. In ad...