The objective of the study was to develop a food frequency questionnaire for each of the following groups: female adults, male adults and male and female adults, based on dietary data obtained in a population-based study comprising individuals from different income levels. Dietary data was obtained from a 24-hour Dietary Recall applied to a probabilistic sample of 1,477 subjects in the city of ...

We investigate the ultraslow motion of polychromatic Bessel beams in unbounded, nondispersive media. Control over the group velocity is exercised by means of the angular dispersion of pulsed Bessel beams of invariant transverse spatial frequency, which spontaneously emerge from near-field generators. Temporal dynamics in transients and resonances over homogeneous delay lines (dielectric slabs) ...

BACKGROUND Nonlinearities play a significant role in early visual processing. They are central to the perception of spatial contrast variations, multiplicative transparencies and texture boundaries. This article concerns the stage of processing at which nonlinearities first become significant. RESULTS Subjects were adapted to a high contrast sinusoidal grating followed by a brief presentation...

Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defau...

In MRI, the raw data, which are acquired in spatial frequency space, are intrinsically complex valued and corrupted by Gaussian-distributed noise. After applying an inverse Fourier transform, the data remain complex valued and Gaussian distributed. If the signal amplitude is to be estimated, one has two options. It can be estimated directly from the complex valued data set, or one can first per...

POPULATION 127 unrelated female and 118 unrelated male volunteer donors, Southwest China.

We have developed a method for extracting spatial frequency information content from biological tissue, which is used to calculate tissue optical properties and determine tissue structural orientation. This demodulation method employs a two-dimensional Hilbert transform using a spiral phase function in Fourier space. The approach presented here allows for the determination of tissue optical pro...

The effect of masker-frequency variability on the detection performance of 7-9 month-old infants and adults was examined. Listeners detected a 300-ms 1000-Hz pure tone masked by: (1) A random-frequency two-tone complex; (2) a fixed-frequency two-tone complex; or (3) a broadband noise. Maskers repeated at 300-ms intervals throughout testing at 60 dB SPL. The signal was presented simultaneously w...

Matching on demographic variables is commonly used in case-control studies to adjust for confounding at the design stage. There is a presumption that matched data need to be analyzed by matched methods. Conditional logistic regression has become a standard for matched case-control data to tackle the sparse data problem. The sparse data problem, however, may not be a concern for loose-matching d...