crop residue is a non-chemical method of weed control in agricultural sustainable systems. this research was conducted at the alarogh site of ardabilto evaluate the effect of integrated use of mulch and herbicide on weed emergence and growth in potato in 2007. treatments were four levels herbicide including: (1) paraquat [n,n'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride] herbicide as pre-pl...

Smooth-pursuit eye movements are voluntary responses to small slow-moving objects in the fronto-parallel plane. They evolved in primates, who possess high-acuity foveae, to ensure clear vision about the moving target. The primate frontal cortex contains two smooth-pursuit related areas; the caudal part of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the supplementary eye fields (SEF). Both areas receive ve...

Glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean are grown in rotations in the Midwest, including Nebraska. Volunteer corn is a problematic weed in soybean fields because it causes harvest problems, reduces yield and seed quality, and potentially harbors insects, pests, and diseases. Several pre-packaged herbicides have been registered in soybean in recent years, but response of volunteer corn to these he...

Until today, herbicide-tolerant (HT) transgenic crops have been the most widely used type of transgenic crops. In 2008, worldwide, 63% of all agricultural land devoted to transgenic crops involved HT transgenic ones, and the percentage was higher (85%) when the herbicide-tolerant trait was stacked with another. In addition, other HT crops are foreseen within the next five years if we are to bel...

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is a broad spectrum, post emergent herbicide and is among the most widely used agricultural chemicals globally. Initially developed to control the growth of weed species in agriculture, this herbicide also plays an important role in both modern silviculture and domestic weed control. The creation of glyphosate tolerant crop species has significantly incr...

1. We investigated cells in the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) that discharged during smooth pursuit of a dim target in an otherwise dark room. For each of these pursuit cells we determined whether the response during pursuit originated from visual stimulation of the retina by the pursuit target or from an extraretinal input related to the pursuit m...

This study was performed to characterize the properties of the suppression of smooth pursuit eye movement induced by electrical stimulation of the frontal eye field (FEF) in trained monkeys. At the stimulation sites tested, we first determined the threshold for generating electrically evoked saccades (Esacs). We then examined the suppressive effects of stimulation on smooth pursuit at intensiti...

a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying doses of haloxifhope-r-methyl ester herbicide on grass weeds grown at various stages in 2011-2012 growing season in research farm of college of agriculture, shiraz university. the study was carried out as split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. treatments were haloxifhope-r-methyl ester ...

Smooth pursuit eye movements stabilize slow-moving objects on the retina by matching eye velocity with target velocity. Two critical components are required to generate smooth pursuit: first, because it is a voluntary eye movement, the subject must select a target to pursue to engage the tracking system; and second, generating smooth pursuit requires a moving stimulus. We examined whether this ...

The genetic basis for susceptibility or nonsusceptibility of plants to viruses is understood poorly. Two selectable tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains were developed for identification of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with either gain-of-susceptibility or loss-of-susceptibility phenotypes. These strains conferred a conditional-survival phenotype to Arabidopsis based on systemic expression of herbi...