This paper presents an attempt at using the syntactic structure in natural language for improved language models for speech recognition. The structured language model merges techniques in automatic parsing and language modeling using an original probabilistic parameterization of a shift-reduce parser. A maximum likelihood re-estimation procedure belonging to the class of expectation-maximizatio...

We present a knowledge and context-based system for parsing and translating natural language and evaluate it on sentences from the Wall Street Journal. Applying machine learning techniques, the system uses parse action examples acquired under supervision to generate a determinis-tic shift-reduce parser in the form of a decision structure. It relies heavily on context , as encoded in features wh...

Recently proposed deterministic classifierbased parsers (Nivre and Scholz, 2004; Sagae and Lavie, 2005; Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003) offer attractive alternatives to generative statistical parsers. Deterministic parsers are fast, efficient, and simple to implement, but generally less accurate than optimal (or nearly optimal) statistical parsers. We present a statistical shift-reduce parser that ...

today, journals are trying to improve their rankings both at local and international scales. achievement of the journal relies heavily on our ability to publish articles in scientific journals with the highest quality. in this regard, high quality manuscript review plays an important role in supporting editors-in-chief an d executive s to choose the most relevant papers and also helping authors...

Abstract T his paper contributes to the existing literature by examining the determinants of health financing in 177 developed and developing countries. The study introduces the variables of government effectiveness and control of corruption to capture the impact of governance quality on different mechanisms of health financing. Utilisng panel data analysis, namely system...