The IjB kinase (IKK) complex is the signal integration hub for NF-jB activation. Composed of two serine-threonine kinases (IKKa and IKKb) and the regulatory subunit NEMO (also known as IKKc), the IKK complex integrates signals from all NF-jB activating stimuli to catalyze the phosphorylation of various IjB and NF-jB proteins, as well as of other substrates. Since the discovery of the IKK comple...

Leaves in plants with spiral phyllotaxy exhibit directional asymmetries, such that all the leaves originating from a meristem of a particular chirality are similarly asymmetric relative to each other. Models of auxin flux capable of recapitulating spiral phyllotaxis predict handed auxin asymmetries in initiating leaf primordia with empirically verifiable effects on superficially bilaterally sym...

A field survey was carried out to record plant species climbed by Ephedra alte in certain parts of Jordan during 2008-2010. Forty species of shrubs, ornamental, fruit, and forest trees belonging to 24 plant families suffered from the climbing habit of E. alte. Growth of host plants was adversely affected by E. alte growth that extended over their vegetation. In addition to its possible competit...

We have designed two alternative four helix bundle protein scaffold topologies for maquette construction to examine the effect of helix orientation on the heme binding and redox properties of our prototype heme protein maquette, (alpha-SS-alpha)2, previously described as H10H24 [Robertson, D. E., Farid, R. S., Moser, C. C., Mulholland, S. E., Pidikiti, R., Lear, J. D., Wand, A. J., DeGrado, W. ...

Using a chemical cross-linking procedure, surface-grafted polyglutamate films with a permanently perpendicular helix orientation were prepared. A surface-grafted alpha-helical polyglutamate film containing polymerizable side groups was synthesized by ring-opening terpolymerization of 50 molar% gamma-methyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), 30% gamma-stearyl-L-glutamate NCA and 20% gamma-4-v...

Abstract Extraction from the herbs was performed using Soxhlet method. Various formula synthesized for niosomes containing extracts through thin film synthesis technique, and most efficient formulation selected. Afterwards, physicochemical properties of niosomes, including size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy (EE%), extract release rate, non-inter...

The rate of ice formation was measured for Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale (English ivy) bark exposed to -10 C. The cooling rate of bark exposed to -10 C was 31 C per minute. The water efflux rate required for ice formation to occur extracellularly was calculated from the rate of ice formation and the average cell diameter. The water potential difference driving the efflux of water to sites of ex...