The purpose of this research is to study the determinants export, import and overall trade performance. article employed panel gravity model along with analytical approaches fixed-effects, random-effects, Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood (PPML) Heckman selection models. This analysis based on a data set from 1989 2015 (27 years) for total 20 selected largest leather importing partners. finding...

the concept of virtual water trade refers to transact of the water consumed for production of goods and agricultural products through international trade. the anthony allan introduced this concept to improve global water used efficiency. in this paper, the original theory of allen has been investigated through incorporating virtual water as a factor of production in heckscher-ohlin internationa...

This study sets out to capture the effect that environmental policy has on trade and specifically then examining the notion that lax environmental regulations will constitute a basis of comparative advantage, causing the least regulated jurisdictions to specialize in polluting industries. This is done partly by a survey of the empirical literature on this subject and partly by performing an eco...

Abstract: This introduction surveys the evidence on the linkages between globalization and poverty, drawing on fifteen papers prepared for an NBER project under my direction. We focus on two measures of globalization: trade integration (measured using tariffs or trade flows), and international capital flows. Many economists have used the Heckscher-Ohlin framework in international trade to argue...

It is hard to believe that factor endowments theory could offer an adequate explanation of international trade patterns. While the theory adequately predicts Saudi Arabian oil exports, it hardly seems appropriate for explaining the revolutionary impact of new technologies on world trade. Yet to take this position is to misunderstand the thrust of recent empirical research in international trade...

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem predicts whether a country will be a net exporter of services of a certain factor and the volume of the factor content of trade given the country's and the world's factor endowment information. Recent empirical work has documented that the measured factor content of trade is too small compared to the theoretical prediction and named this special pattern o...

Ost, D., S. Crowley, eds. Workers after Workers' States. Labor and Politics in Postcommunist Eastern Europe. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001. Ost D., M. Weinstein. "Unions against Unions: Toward Hierarchical Management in Post-Communist Poland." East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter 1999. Raczyhska Magdalena. "Blurred Authority or Blurred Identity? Col...

The classical Heckscher-Ohlin-Mundell paradigm states that trade and capital mobility are substitutes, in the sense that trade integration reduces the incentives for capital to ‡ow to capital-scarce countries. In this paper we show that in a world with heterogeneous …nancial development, the classic conclusion does not hold. In particular, in less …nancially developed economies (South), trade a...

So long as both goods are produced and factor intensity reversals do not occur, each price vector (pX , pY ) corresponds to a unique factor price vector. This should be pretty obvious from both the Woodland-Mussa and the Lerner-Pearce diagram. With the same technology and given prices, there is a unique intersection between the zero profit lines in the Woodland-Mussa diagram. Similarly, for giv...

Although it is widely acknowledged that an understanding of mass attitudes about trade is crucial to the political economy of foreign commerce, only a handful of studies have addressed this topic. These studies have focused largely on testing two models, both of which emphasize that trade preferences are shaped by how trade affects an individual's income. The factor endowments or Heckscher-Ohli...