Occupational health is particularly affected by high heat exposures in workplaces, which will be an increasing problem as climate change progresses. People working in jobs of moderate or heavy work intensity in hot environments are at particular risk, owing to exposure to high environmental heat and internal heat production. This heat needs to be released to protect health, and such release is ...

Consumer adoption of microgeneration technologies is part of the UK strategy to reduce carbon emissions from buildings. Domestic heat pumps are viewed as a potentially important carbon saving technology, given the ongoing decarbonisation of the electricity supply system. To address the lack of independent evaluation of heat pump performance, the Energy Saving Trust undertook the UK’s first larg...

Compact heat exchangers have a wide range of applications where standard control strategies typically rely on the knowledge of the heat transfer model and thus on the overall heat transfer coefficient. In particular for compact plate heat exchangers, the overall heat transfer coefficient strongly varies with the manufacturer’s plate design and has to be identified by means of extensive measurem...

The experience of the pleasant heat of the sun in moderate climatic zones arises from the filtering of the heat radiation of the sun by water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. The filter effect of water decreases those parts of infrared radiation (most parts of infrared-B and -C and the absorption bands of water within infrared-A), which would cause - by reacting with water molecules in the...

Electric boilers (EBs) provide an alternative method to deal with the accommodation of curtailed wind power. To pursue minimum coal consumption in system, a dispatching model integrating combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and EBs different locations is developed, penalty power curtailment cost EB employment are also incorporated model. The transmission loss transportation lag heat-supply netw...

This paper introduces the functioning principle as well as dimensioning elements of a new active solar heating system using air as heat carrier. The air is heated in flat-plate collectors and then circulated through the building walls having circulation “hollows”. The heat storage function is performed by a rockbed storage unit. The solar collectors have water-air double service and supply the ...

Phase change heat transfer is fundamentally important for thermal energy conversion and management, such as in electronics with power density over 1 kW/cm^2. The critical heat flux (CHF) of phase change heat transfer, either evaporation or boiling, is limited by vapor flux from the liquid-vapor interface, known as the upper limit of heat flux. This limit could in theory be greater than 1 kW/cm2...

This paper studies a planning problem for heating water. Hereby, boilers (e.g. gas or electric boilers, heat pumps or microCHPs) are used to heat the water and store it for domestic demands. We consider a simple boiler which is either turned on or turned off and has a buffer of limited capacity. The energy needed to run the boiler has to be bought on a day-ahead market, so we are interested in ...

The advantages and disadvantages of three forms of dry heat sterilization are discussed. In addition a fourth method, consisting of heating by infrared rays in vacuo, is described. This method is particularly suitable for instruments used in the operating theatre, since it can replace an autoclave where a supply of steam is not available. Recommended times and temperatures for dry heat steriliz...

To realize smart grids, there is a need for flexible supply and demand of electricity. Conventional heating systems in the Netherlands are based on gas, but new innovative systems, such as heat pumps and micro-CHPs, consume or produce electricity. If the demand for heat and the production/consumption of electricity is decoupled by using a hot water buffer, these heating systems provide the flex...