Since the 5 century BC consideration has been given to diet and training for improved physical performance. In contrast the impact of environmental temperature and humidity on performance has largely been ignored until recent times, despite the fact that the environmental threat can result in severe impairment of performance and even death. As physical performance is impaired in both hot and co...

This study examined endotoxin-mediated cytokinemia during exertional heat stress (EHS). Subjects were divided into trained [TR; n=12, peak aerobic power (VO2peak)=70+/-2 ml.kg lean body mass(-1).min(-1)] and untrained (UT; n=11, VO2peak=50+/-1 ml.kg lean body mass(-1).min(-1)) groups before walking at 4.5 km/h with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) wearing...

This work proposes a novel approach for the simultaneous synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks (HEN) and Utility Systems. Given a set of hot and cold process streams and a set of available utility systems (e.g., gas turbine, steam cycle, boiler, etc), the method determines the optimal selection of utility systems, their arrangement and design (including steam generator), and the heat exchanger n...

The correct design of a borehole heat exchanger (BHE) system implies the accurate knowledge of borehole and ground thermal properties, the correct evaluation of building heating or cooling demands and the correct procedure to assess the final overall BHE length related to BHE configuration shape. A careful design is required to make profitable payback plans and provide expected long time perfor...

The heat-acclimated rock pigeon is thought to use cutaneous water evaporation (CWE) as the 'preferred' route for heat dissipation, and this mechanism is controlled by adrenergic signaling. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that adjustments in skin blood flow are a crucial component of this adaptation. Skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and by ultrasonic flowmet...

Background. Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is uncommon as a leading symptom in patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS). Which stage to perform the liver transplantation for severe hepatic failure in EHS is still obscure at clinical setting. The conservative management has been reported to be successful in treating heat-stroke-associated AHF even in the presence of accepted criteria for emergenc...