On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched an aggressive war against independent Ukraine, which was accompanied by deliberate destruction of infrastructure, industry and agriculture, housing, cultural values, other property belonging. The maintained analysis led to conclusion that damage caused Ukraine’s economy, its citizens businesses due military influence can be compensated in ge...

Multi-expert constructing Fuzzy cognitive map is a typical multiexpert knowledge combination problem. In this paper, we investigate the use of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory as a tool for multi-expert knowledge combination. In proposed method, we use each expert opinion as a evidence, the possible value of weight as frame of discernment, the expert’s evaluation to a weight on frame of discernm...

Administrative planning rules and legal challenges can have significant economic impacts on timber salvage programs on public lands. This paper examines the costs of the delay in salvage caused by planning rules and the costs associated with the volume reductions forced by legal challenges in one case study. The fires on the Bitterroot National Forest in the northern Rocky Mountains in the Unit...

In Dempster-Shafer belief theory, general beliefs are expressed as belief mass distribution functions over frames of discernment. In Subjective Logic beliefs are expressed as belief mass distribution functions over binary frames of discernment. Belief representations in Subjective Logic, which are called opinions, also contain a base rate parameter which express the a priori belief in the absen...

Enacting these suggestions may require public health associations to change their mode of operation. Some activities, particularly in the context of conferences, may have to be discontinued due to a lack of financial resources. If public health associations decide not to reject sponsoring, they should at least be completely frank and honest—merely declaring a potential conflict of interest will...

in france, parliamentary elections are divided into two elections: the elections for the representatives of the national assembly and the elections for the senators of the senate. the french constitution council is a competent body to supervise these national and political elections through dealing with complaints and deciding about complaints raised in connection with these elections. the coun...

the legal texts of wto consist of about 60 agreements, annexes, decisions and understandings containing so many obligations which should be observed and enforced by member states. enforcement of these numereous obligations requires effective dispute settlement mechanisms to guarantee the proper function of the system. in wto two main mechanisms have been designed for this purpose. the first is ...