BACKGROUND Increased concern for potential health and environmental impacts of chemicals, including nanomaterials, in consumer products is driving demand for greater transparency regarding potential risks. Chemical hazard assessment is a powerful tool to inform product design, development and procurement and has been integrated into alternative assessment frameworks. The extent to which assessm...

Forward roadway collision warning systems can reduce rear-end collisions, among other unsafe behaviors. Previous studies have shown that young drivers fail to scan adequately for latent hazards. The current driving simulator study investigates the effect of visual collision warning messages on drivers’ hazard anticipation ability, when presented either 2s, 3s or 4s in advance of a potential thr...

Legislation such as the Stockholm Convention and REACH aim to identify and regulate the production and use of chemicals that qualify as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) chemicals, respectively. Recently, a series of studies on planetary boundary threats proposed seven chemical hazard profiles that are distinct from the POP and vPvB profile...

BACKGROUND Data on survival endpoints are usually summarised using either hazard ratio, cumulative number of events, or median survival statistics. Network meta-analysis, an extension of traditional pairwise meta-analysis, is typically based on a single statistic. In this case, studies which do not report the chosen statistic are excluded from the analysis which may introduce bias. METHODS In...

Taiwan’s mountains are steep, geologically dispersed, and their hillsides over-utilized. Serious debris flow disasters prone to happen whenever monsoons or typhoons bring a lot of rain. Typhoon Morakot’s large-scale landslide in 2009, which devastated half Xiaolin Village claimed around 500 lives, is one such instance. Large-scale landslides have the potential seriously harm people, property, e...