Stimulation of hatching of a tobacco cyst nematode (Globodera tabacum solanacearum) by root exudates from resistant NC 567 and susceptible K 326 cultivars of flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, was investigated. Root exudates were collected by soaking seedlings in deionized water for 2 hours at 22 degrees C in the dark. Fifteen mature and uniformly sized cysts were exposed at 15, 20, or 25 d...

The gonadsomatic index (GSI) of mottled skate was the highest in April, GSI and HSI showed a reverse phase for its reproductive cycle. The fish had one pair of egg capsules, having 1 to 7 fertilized eggs, and spawned all the year round. When surveying the reproductive characteristics of females over 63 ㎝ in disc width, we found the spawning peak was between April to June, and the appearance rat...

Experimental synchronization of onset of incubation was employed in laboratory held zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata to study whether differential resource allocation and possible bias of offspring sex in subsequent eggs in the laying order could mitigate the effects of hatching asynchrony. We found that egg mass increased with laying order, but offspring sex was not related to laying order. A...

Hatching success was examined under exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using filters to give three different light conditions [C1: UV-B, UV-A and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), C2: UV-A and PAR, C3: PAR] in red Pagrus major and black Acanthopagrus schlegeli sea bream. Hatching rate of both species was reduced by an exposure over a 2 day period to UVR and was not significa...

The present study was designed to investigate the histochemical developmental changes of proventriculus at pre-hatching and post-hatching in northern bobwhite quail periods 11- 15-days addition 14- 21-days post-hatching. composed four tunics is tunica mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, serosa. mucosa lined with simple columnar epithelium height increases age also thickness submucosa filled provent...

Perceived stability of the visual world during eye movements is traditionally explained as due to the presence of extraretinal signals, equal in magnitude to retinal signals. Motion is perceived when the two signals differ. An experiment is reported in which motion thresholds were measured during smooth pursuit eye movements. The results show that the traditional view is incomplete. Motion is o...

Visual motion information from dynamic environments is important in multisensory temporal perception. However, it is unclear how visual motion information influences the integration of multisensory temporal perceptions. We investigated whether visual apparent motion affects audiovisual temporal perception. Visual apparent motion is a phenomenon in which two flashes presented in sequence in diff...

Tactile apparent motion can display directional information in an intuitive way. It can for example be used to give directions to visually impaired individuals, or for waypoint navigation while cycling on busy streets, when vision or audition should not be loaded further. However, although humans can detect very short tactile patterns, discriminating between similar motion speeds has been shown...

root-knot nematodes ( meloidogyne spp.) are important group of plant pathogens that have extensive hosting range and are caused for significant damage to agricultural products annually. various management strategies of control on nematodes has been used, but the application of plant products is one of the promising methods for nematode control. in this study, inhibitory effect of essential oils...

the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of photoperiod and light intensity on egg production and hatching rate in acartia clausi in laboratory conditions. this zooplankton was collected from caspian coastal waters of mazandaran province by the use of a 100µ net. all tests were performed in five light treatments (photoperiod) namely 24:00, 18:06, 12:12, 06:18, 00:24 (light / dark),...