Perilipin A coats the lipid storage droplets in adipocytes and is polyphosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA); the fact that PKA activates lipolysis in adipocytes suggests a role for perilipins in this process. To assess whether perilipins participate directly in PKA-mediated lipolysis, we have expressed constructs coding for native and mutated forms of the two major splice variants of the per...

The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the modulation of adipocyte lipolysis was investigated. Treatment of white and brown adipose cell lines and mouse adipose explants with a mixture of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) doubled the lipolytic rate, and this was associated with marked induction of iNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) pro...

We studied the influence of nitric oxide (NO) endogenously produced by adipocytes in lipolysis regulation. Diphenyliodonium (DPI), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, was found to completely suppress NO synthesis in intact adipocytes and was thus used in lipolysis experiments. DPI was found to decrease both basal and dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP)-stimulated lipolysis. Inhibition of DBcAMP-stimul...

Intracellular lipolysis is a major pathway of lipid metabolism that has roles, not only in the provision of free fatty acids as energy substrate, but also in intracellular signal transduction. The latter is likely to be particularly important in the regulation of insulin secretion from islet beta-cells. The mechanisms by which lipolysis is regulated in different tissues is, therefore, of consid...

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases lipolysis and decreases lipogenesis through several pathways. DHA also enhances the expression of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), a possible lipid metabolism related gene. The question of whether DHA regulates the expression of SAA to affect lipid metabolism and increase lipolysis needs to be demonstrated in human adipocytes. We designed experiments to determ...

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive method for quantitative estimation of liver fat. Knowledge of its imprecision, which comprises biological variability and measurement error, is required to design therapeutic trials with measurement of change. The role of adipocyte lipolysis in ectopic fat accumulation remains unclear. We examined the relationship between liver fat content...

OBJECTIVE Metabolic challenges, such as a cold environment, stimulate sympathetic neural efferent activity to white adipose tissue (WAT) to drive lipolysis, thereby increasing the availability of free fatty acids as one source of fuel for brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. WAT is also innervated by sensory nerve fibers that network to metabolic brain areas; moreover, activation of these ...

Chaudhry,Archana, and James G. Granneman. Differential regulation of functional responses by b-adrenergic receptor subtypes in brown adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R147–R153, 1999.—Brown adipose tissue contains both b1and b3adrenergic receptors (b-ARs), and whereas both receptor subtypes can activate adenylyl cyclase, recent studies suggest that thes...

Adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml) potentiated the lipolytic action of noradrenaline in adipocytes isolated from brown adipose tissue of 1- and 6-week-old rats by decreasing the EC50 (concn. giving 50% of maximal effect) for noradrenaline by 3-4-fold. With cells from neonatal rabbit tissue, adenosine deaminase only had a small, non-significant, effect on the EC50 for noradrenaline. Lipolysis in ra...

Submental fat (SMF) accumulation is a cosmetically distressing concern for which there have been recent advances in minimally invasive and noninvasive therapeutic options. In this article, we review the newest treatments available for SMF, including laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL), radiofrequency (RF)-assisted lipolysis, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and noninvasive devices. These treatments provide a...