This study examined how perceptual expertise facilitates encoding and recognition. The electroencephalogram of car experts and car novices was recorded in the study as well as test phases of a remember/know task with car and bird stimuli. Car expertise influenced performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) for cars but not birds. Experts recognized and "recollected" cars more accurately, wh...

We examined the decision strategies and cue use of experts and novices in a consequential domain: crime. Three participant groups decided which of two residential properties was more likely to be burgled, on the basis of eight cues such as location of the property. The two expert groups were experienced burglars and police officers, and the novice group was composed of graduate students. We fou...

It is known that novices show poor problem-solving performances and that they engage in a relatively ine$cient inferential reasoning mode. Experts show high performances in routine situations in which they only activate knowledge. The main purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that, under some conditions, novices may develop a more e$cient diagnostic reasoning than experts, i.e. they ...

We introduce Waldayu and Waldayu Mobile, web and mobile front-ends for endangered language dictionaries. The Waldayu products are designed with the needs of novice users in mind – both novices in the language and technological novices – and work in tandem with existing lexicographic databases. We discuss some of the unique problems that endangeredlanguage dictionary software products face, and ...

Present study identified categorization pattern differences between experts and novices and examined whether categorization training has positive effects on problem solving. The results showed that experts classified problems based on deep structure related to problem solution, novices, however, classified problems based on surface features. The results also indicated that solution training was...

Previous work showed that trained assessors are better at discriminating and describing familiar chemico-sensorial stimuli than novices. In this study, we evaluated whether this superiority holds true for new stimuli. We first trained a group of subjects to characterize beer flavors over a two year period. After training was accomplished, we compared the performance of these trained assessors w...

The influence of Need for Cognition, cognitive abilities and expertise on complex problem-solving was examined. A ‘Need for Cognition’ questionnaire, a cognitive abilities test and five complex problems were presented to a group of experts (Experiment 1) and to a group of novices (Experiment 2). Generally, experts performed better on the complex problems than did novices. Experts low in cogniti...

Knowledge-based systems (KBS), which represent the knowledge and problem-solving expertise of human experts as well as other sources of expertise in narrow knowledge domains, have been used to support group decision-making. This research studied the use of a KBS and its explanation facilities to support group decision-making of experts versus novices in a laboratory setting. Consistent with pre...

This paper describes the Sound Scope Headphones which enable the user to control an audio mixer through natural movements of the head and hands. This allows musical novices to interact closely with the music they listen to. Commercial audio mixers are too complicated for musical novices to properly control the multi-channel volumes and panpots. Our headphone device controls an audio mixer using...

Unlike novices, expert clinicians develop refined schemes and strategies that predictably allow them to provide a better quality, prompt and less error-prone patient care input. Empowering novices with cognitive aids or mental schemes as early as possible in their clinical career may significantly improve their critical thinking, problem-solving and decision-making skills. These cognitive aids ...