A 10-year-old girl with Down syndrome in Malaysia presented with extensive and generalized hyperkeratotic papules and plaques on her entire body (Fig 1) over a 4-year period. There was mild itching with severe hand and foot deformity. She was socially withdrawn with poor selfesteem and poor hygiene. She was also malnourished and could neither feed herself nor walk due to the deformity of her ex...

Background: Plastic deformity is a fixed deformity of bones after application of force which is in contrast to elastic deformity, so it remains unchanged. It is a rare condition and is seen more commonly in upper extremity (forearm). Inability to recognize it causes limitation of motion and remaining of angular deformity. It occurs more commonly in children because of flexibility of their bones...

Split-hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD) is a rare, severe limb deformity characterized by tibia aplasia with or without split-hand/split-foot deformity. Identification of genetic susceptibility loci for SHFLD has been unsuccessful because of its rare incidence, variable phenotypic expression and associated anomalies, and uncertain inheritance pattern. SHFLD is usually inh...

Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the results of patients with isolated length discrepancy between ulna and radius who underwent distraction osteogenesis with unilateral external fixator. Material and Methods. A patient with ulna shortening due to multiple enchondromatosis, a patient with ulna shortening due to ulnar club hand, and a patient with radial shortening due to radia...

A family is described in which four subjects in two sibships had typical split hand/foot malformation. The possibility of the existence of a rare autosomal recessive form of the malformation is discussed, as well as a two locus model. In the two locus model the dominant mutation leading to the split hand/foot malformation is controlled by a gene at another locus. A dominant mutation at the cont...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate growth patterns in human hands, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D) during the fetal period. METHODS The study is carried out on 161 human fetuses (83 males, 78 females) free from external pathology or malformation with ages ranging between 9 and 40 weeks of gestation. Following general external measurements, length and width of the hand, digi...

Laboratory experiments were used to assess morphological responses of Chironomus tentans larvae exposed to three levels of zinc and lead. Chironomus tentans egg masses were placed into triplicate control and metal-spiked aquaria containing the measured concentrations 1,442, 3,383, and 5,562 microg/g Pb dry weight and 1,723, 3,743, and 5,252 microg/g Zn dry weight. Larvae were collected at 10-d ...

Sacropelvic fixation is frequently used for the correction of complex pediatric spine deformities. S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screws are a powerful method to obtain iliac fixation. Advantages include medialized starting point that requires less soft tissue dissection, no need connectors rod, and reduced screw head prominence. Though technique S2AI placement under free-hand fluoroscopic techniques has...

Nakada (1988) divided senile postural deformities into four types by visual observation: an extended type, an S-shaped type, a flexed type, and a hand-on-the-lap type. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater reliability and the discriminant validity of assessing the elderly spinal posture using a posture-measuring device developed by us and dividing postural deformities int...