An overview of spin contamination and its relationship to broken-symmetry wave functions are presented. Spinoperator expectation-value formulas are developed for use with generalized, unrestricted, and restricted spin orbitals. Currentprojection techniques are reviewed and illustrated for a variety of current theoretical methods.

The development of Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques has played an important part in developing corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm resistant to aflatoxin contamination. Corn genotypes evaluated for aflatoxin resistance in field studies must be artificially inoculated due to the sporadic nature of aflatoxin contamination from year to year. A number of different inoculation techniques are used ...

During the previous survey year (Year 2), a methodological issue arose which meant that our measures were no longer providing a reliable indication of how levels of contamination in chickens at retail were changing over time, or providing like for like comparisons between retailers. This methodological issue is explained in the January-March 16 report: www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/campy-...

family members or visitors. No correlation was found between isolates recovered from routine surveillance cultures done for patients and isolates found to be colonizing or contaminating patients' family members or visitors. The duration of family visits in our ICU (3 or more hours per day) is no shorter than the visiting times reported in other countries.'' In addition, 18 of 33 patients had a ...

objective: infection control is one of the important aspects in dentistry. oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the most sensitive fields in dentistry in which infection control is important a sterile surgical set is imperative. manufacturers only guarantee the sterility of the anesthetic not the sterility of its outer surface. they recommend alcohol to sterile the outer surface (especially...

*Correspondence: Siddharth Bhatia, Jamsetji Tata Centre for Disaster Management, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Malti and Jal A. D. Naoroji Campus (Annex), PO Box No. 8313, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India e-mail: [email protected] This study tests the drinking water supply of a marginalized village community of Khap Tola in the state of Bihar, a state in Northern India. Based on hand pump ...

BACKGROUND We have recently shown that intraoperative bacterial transmission to patient IV stopcock sets is associated with increased patient mortality. In this study, we hypothesized that bacterial contamination of anesthesia provider hands before patient contact is a risk factor for direct intraoperative bacterial transmission. METHODS Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center is a tertiary care a...

The importance of hands in the transmission of nosocomial infection has been world wide admitted. However, it is difficult to induce this behavior in health-care workers. The aim of the present work was to point out the importance of hand bacteria colonization, the influence of hand washing and of patient physical examination. One hundred health-care workers were randomly divided in two groups:...

Trimming procedures are an important part of the sequence analysis pipeline in an EST Sequencing Project. In general, trimming is done in several phases, each one detecting and removing some kind of undesirable artifact, such as low quality sequence, vectors or adapters sequence, and contamination. However, this strategy often results in a phase being unable to recognize its target because part...