Integrated CMOS Hall sensors have been widely used to measure magnetic fields. However, they are difficult to work with in a low magnetic field environment due to their low sensitivity and large offset. This paper describes a highly sensitive digital Hall sensor fabricated in 0.18 μm high voltage CMOS technology for low field applications. The sensor consists of a switched cross-shaped Hall pla...

Using the hierarchy picture of the fractional quantum Hall effect, we study the ground-state periodicity of a finite size quantum Hall droplet in a quantum Hall fluid of a different filling factor. The droplet edge charge is periodically modulated with flux through the droplet and will lead to a periodic variation in the conductance of a nearby point contact, such as occurs in some quantum Hall...

These rings admit numerous algebraic and geometric realizations, but one of the historically first constructions, dating to the work of Steinitz in 1900 completed later by Hall, was given in terms of what is now called the classical Hall algebra H (see [Ma], Chapter II ). This algebra has a basis consisting of isomorphism classes of abelian q-groups, where q is a fixed prime power, and the stru...

The question is investigated whether the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in Fe films is due to skew scattering or side jump. For this purpose sandwiches of FeIn are investigated in which the conduction electrons carry their drift velocity across the interface. This yields an additional AHE conductance ∆Gxy whose dependence on the In mean free path is used to determine the mechanism of the AHE in th...

The hydromagnetic Couette flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid bounded by two infinite parallel non-conducting plates in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field is studied on taking Hall currents into account. The relevant equations are solved analytically. The solution obtained shows that the inclusion of Hall currents gives some interesting results. It is...

Out-of-equilibrium systems can host phenomena that transcend the usual restrictions of equilibrium systems. Here, we unveil how out-of-equilibrium states, prepared via a quantum quench in a two-band system, can exhibit a nonzero Hall-type current-a remnant Hall response-even when the instantaneous Hamiltonian is time reversal symmetric (in contrast to equilibrium Hall currents). Interestingly, ...

We study the properties of the ‘‘spin quantum Hall fluid’’—a spin phase with quantized spin Hall conductance that is potentially realizable in superconducting systems with unconventional pairing symmetry. A simple realization is provided by a dx22y21idxy superconductor which we argue has a dimensionless spin Hall conductance equal to 2. A theory of the edge states of the dx22y21idxy superconduc...

In this paper we give a survey of some models of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect based on noncommutative geometry. We begin by recalling some classical geometry of electrons in solids and the passage to noncommutative geometry produced by the presence of a magnetic field. We recall how one can obtain this way a single electron model of the integer quantum Hall effect. While in th...

We digitally restored the original Great Buddha and the main hall of Todaiji temple. Todaiji temple has been destroyed by natural and artificial disasters and rebuilt for a number of times. As a result, the shapes of the current Great Buddha and its main hall are slightly different from the original states. We reconstructed the 3D models of the original Great Buddha and its main hall. The 3D mo...

A Hybrid Hall effect device utilizes the magnetic fringing field at the edge of a ferromagnet to produce Hall effect in the two dimensional electron gas confined in a semiconductor structure underneath the magnet. Addition of an electrostatic gate to this passive device provides an extra handle in the form of the gate bias to modulate the output Hall voltage. We demonstrated that silicon MOSFET...