Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease that can adversely affect humans and animals. Nigeria first reported an outbreak of avian which was caused by subtype H5N1 in 2006, thereafter virological serological surveys revealed the importance local birds live bird markets community at large epidemiology country. In present study, 276 serum samples were collected for testing over five months from appa...

studies have demonstrated that plant extracts possess various biological characteristics, including immunomodulatory activity. heracleum persicum desf. (apiaceae), a medicinal plant native to iran, was studied for its immunomodulatory activity. immunomodulatory activity of different doses of an aqueous extract of h. persicum, was evaluated in female swiss albino mice. mice were treated with thr...

Four hundred and forty-six patients' sera from a hospital blood transfusion department in Newcastle were examined for toxoplasma antibodies by a haemagglutination test. Forty per cent. of the sera gave positive reactions, and an increase in the percentage of positive sera was found with increasing age, rising to over 60% at the age of 70 and over. A wide range of titres was demonstrated amongst...

Using an ultrasonicate of the Reiter treponeme as antigen the Reiter haemagglutination test (RHA) was evaluated as a serological test for syphilis. Comparison of the results of the cardiolipin Wassermann reaction, Reiter protein complement-fixation test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) test, the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test (TPHA) (at dilutions of 1/16 and 1/...

Forty one consecutive patients (24 males and 17 females) with AIDS had their blood assayed for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc by Reversed Passive Haemagglutination (RPHA), Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques respectively. 5 (12.2%) were found positive for HBsAg. 10 (24.4%) for anti-HBs and 31 (75.6%) for anti-HBc. 32 (78%) out of 41 patients wi...