Type IV pili are important for microcolony formation, biofilm formation, twitching motility, and attachment. We and others have shown that type IV pili are important for protein secretion across the outer membrane, similar to type II secretion systems. This study explored the relationship between protein secretion and pilus formation in Vibrio cholerae. The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), a type...

Offline chemistry and transport models (CTMs) are versatile tools for studying composition and climate issues requiring multi-decadal simulations. They are computationally fast compared to coupled chemistry climate models, making them well-suited for integrating sensitivity experiments necessary for understanding model performance and interpreting results. The archived meteorological fields use...

Strategies to achieve order reduction in four dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) search for an optimal low rank state subspace for the analysis update. A common feature of the reduction methods proposed in atmospheric and oceanographic studies is that the identification of the basis functions relies on the model dynamics only, without properly accounting for the specific details...

0

Hagfish have an unusual circulation with intravascular pressures that are lower than those in other vertebrates (Davie et al. 1987; Forster, 1989) and since peripheral resistances appear similar to those of teleost fishes (Rood, 1979; Elger, 1987), it follows that blood flow rates will also be lower. One might therefore predict that the relatively low haematocrits in hagfish (Johansen et al. 19...

In December (17th-19th) 2014 we celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the Dutch Society for Immunology (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Immunologie (NVVI) in Dutch; Fig. 1). The NVVI was officially founded on 20th November 1964, by Prof. Dr. van Loghem, Prof. Dr. van Rood, Prof. Dr. Hijmans, Prof. Dr. Keuning and Prof. Dr. van Bekkum. This remarkable Anniversary Congress took place at the magical Fair...

understanding of the runoff generation processes is important in understanding the magnitude and dynamics ofgroundwater discharge. however, these processes continue to be difficult to quantify and conceptualize. in this study,two digital filter based separation modules, the recursive filtering method (rdf) and a generalization of therecursive digital filter (grdf) were1991–2002 in the hableh ro...