Many investigators have used satellite data to derive rainfall intensity and to compare them with rain gauge data. However, there has always been a problem: what is the optimal time period for the two different types of data? A set of well-controlled data collected by ground-based dual-frequency microwave radiometers at the National Central University (24.98N, 121.18E) in Taiwan between January...

1. The metabolic costs of calling for male Requena verticalis Walker (Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae) were measured by direct recordings of oxygen consumption. The acoustic power output was measured by sound pressure levels around the calling bushcricket. 2. The average metabolic cost of calling was 0.143ml g21 h21 but depended on calling rate. The net metabolic cost of calling per unit call, ...

Using comprehensive high-frequency state and local sales tax data, we show that shopping behavior responds strongly to changes in rates. Even though taxes are not observed posted prices have a wide range of rates exemptions, consumers adjust many dimensions. They stock up on storable goods before rise increase online cross-border both the short long run. The difference between short- long-run s...

Summer blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon sp. and Nodularia spumigena, are characteristic for the Baltic Sea, where they accumulate at the sea surface in calm weather. The chemical microenvironment, and thus the actual growth conditions within these cyanobacterial surface blooms of the Baltic Sea, are largely unknown. Using microsensors, it is shown that photosynthesis is...

Feeding pets raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) is becoming increasingly popular but comes with a risk of pathogenic bacteria, including Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In humans, STEC may cause gastrointestinal illnesses, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim this study was to evaluate commercially available RMBDs regard occurrence STEC. ...