Cohort studies can be biased by unmeasured confounding. We propose a hybrid ecologic-epidemiologic design called the trend-in-trend design, which requires a strong time trend in exposure, but is unbiased unless there are unmeasured factors affecting outcome for which there are time trends in prevalence that are correlated with time trends in exposure across strata with different exposure trends...

A four stage social network trend mining framework, the IGCV (Identification, Grouping, Clustering and Visualisation) framework, is described. The framework extracts trends from social network data and then applies a sequence of techniques (“tools”) to this data to facilitate interpretation of the identified trends. Of particular note is the visualisation of trend migrations (changes) that feat...

strategic coalition is a model for regional development and new regionalism. in this process, multinational corporation has basic role for economic partnership with national and regional countries. this trend have been for in formed free trade association situation. regional organizations and frameworks can help determine the perceived regional and global development. global framework activitie...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: E32 F36 G15 Keywords: Financial openness Business cycle asymmetry Development This paper provides evidence that financial openness is an important determinant of growth rate asymmetry in emerging markets. I exploit exogenous shocks to financial flows and examine the impact of equity market liberalization on the skewness of output growth for 93 countries...

BACKGROUND Growth is one of the most important indices in child health. The best and most effective way to investigate child health is measuring the physical growth indices such as weight, height and head circumference. Among these measures, weight growth is the simplest and the most effective way to determine child growth status. Weight trend at a given age is the result of cumulative growth e...