This study is unique as it considers industry value added as a possible source of economic growth in addition to export and import. The key research questions of this study are: to what extent trade and industry value added contribute to the economic growth of Bangladesh? Are there any causal and long run relationships among export, import, industry value added and gross domestic product in Ban...

Introduction Until recent years a country’s aggregate output, or gross domestic product (GDP), was used almost exclusively as the primary measure of economic development. Both comparative (i.e. between countries) and over time, growth in GDP per capita was commonly used to describe changes in well-being. Recognizing the inadequacy of this measure of well-being , the United Nations began to devi...

Over the last decade macroeconomic studies have established a clear link between student achievement on science and math tests and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth, supporting the widely held belief that science, technology, engineering, and math(STEM) education are important factors in the production of economic prosperity. We critique studies that use science and math tests to p...

Transport accounted for around 23% of carbon emissions in 2013, which cannot be ignored in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. With levels of urbanization and motorization increasing rapidly worldwide, carbon emitted in the transport sector, especially passenger traffic, is projected to keep growing. Without the implementation of aggressive and sustained policy interven...

Child burn mortality differs widely between regions and is closely related to material deprivation, but reports on their global distribution are few. Investigating their country level distribution in light of economic level and income inequality will help assess the potential for macro-level improvements. We extracted data for child burn mortality from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 an...

Developing nations like Namibia are aiming to industrialize much like developed nations and use the gross domestic product to measure their progress. However, this development path has been largely unsustainable. For Namibia to develop into a sustainable society, a different approach is needed. This study aimed to find entry points toward such an approach. Surveys were conducted in Windhoek, Na...

Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievement...

In this study, we hypothesize that the worldwide distribution of cognitive ability is determined in part by variation in the intensity of infectious diseases. From an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks. Using three measures of average national intellige...

BACKGROUND Evidence on immunization costs is a critical input for cost-effectiveness analysis and budgeting, and can describe variation in site-level efficiency. The Expanded Program on Immunization Costing and Financing (EPIC) Project represents the largest investigation of immunization delivery costs, collecting empirical data on routine infant immunization in Benin, Ghana, Honduras, Moldova,...

* Corresponding author. ** This research was performed in the framework of the EC project GEO-BENE (www.geo-bene.eu), led by IIASA. Abstract – Earthquakes on global scale cause considerable losses both in terms of economic impact and human lives. A proper coordination of disaster response activities requires observation of affected areas for evaluation of spatial distribution of damage. We use ...