background: the iranian healthcare system is primarily an insurance based system. this structure has an important influence on the efficiency and equity of the provision of healthcare in iran. this paper reviews the history of the iranian healthcare system and the impact of the iranian health insurance system on healthcare performance based on the results of interviews with key opinion leaders ...

In this paper, we propose a computational approach to modeling the Zone of Proximal Development of students who learn using a natural-language tutoring system for physics. We employ a student model to predict students’ performance based on their prior knowledge and activity when using a dialogue tutor to practice with conceptual, reflection questions about high-school level physics. Furthermore...

Adaptable design is a new design paradigm to create designs and products that can be easily changed to satisfy different requirements. Adaptable design aims at identifying the designs and products considering functionality, manufacturing efforts, customization, and environment friendliness. This research focuses on adaptable design considering product adaptability. In this work, product adaptab...

As formative research for the development of a suite of middle school life science video games, we are adapting microgenetic research methods [15] that use repeated, small-scale task-based sessions with participants to document how reasoning and understanding can develop and change in short periods of time. In this study, we are working with students between the ages of 9 and 12, examining the ...

Population structure, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction characteristics of leaping grey mullet (Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) were investigated in Beymelek Lagoon from February 2006 to January 2007.  During the study, a total of 1248 leaping grey mullet were captured by gill- and trammel nets of various mesh sizes. Male to female ratio for leaping grey mullet population in Beymel...

This study investigated the optimization of three welding parameters (wire feed speed, arc voltage, and shielding gas flow rate) for SS 304H by using Taguchi based Grey relational analysis. In this research work, pure argon was used as shielding gas. Numbers of trials were performed as per L16 (4xx3) orthogonal array design and the mechanical quality such ultimate tensile strength, microhardnes...

The totally positive algebraic integers of certain number fields have been shown to be the sums of four squares of integers from their respective fields. The case ofQð ffiffiffi 5 p Þ was demonstrated by Götzky and the cases of Qð ffiffiffi 2 p Þ and Qð ffiffiffi 3 p Þ were demonstrated by Cohn. In the latter situation, only those integers with even coefficient on the radical term could possibl...

In the recent paper [3] by Asai et al., the growth order of holomorphic functions on a nuclear space has been considered. For this purpose, certain classes of growth functions u are introduced and many properties of Legendre transform of such functions are investigated. In [4], applying Legendre transform of u under the conditions (U0), (U2) and (U3) (see §2), the Gel’fand triple [E ]u ⊂ (L) ⊂ ...

Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is characterized by an acquired, selective, peripheral denervation of the autonomic nervous system. Patients with PAF fail to generate bodily states of arousal via the autonomic nervous system in response to physical or cognitive effort. We used voxel-based morphometry to test the hypothesis that changes in the morphology of brain regions involved in autonomic contr...